Alcohols + Ethers Flashcards
The hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is
Highly acidic
Phenols are more acidic due to
Resonance
Phenols allow for the formation of
Salts
How are the bp and mp of Phenols?
High
Electrophilic addition of H2O to alkenes form
Alcohols
E1 and E2 remove hydroxyls to form
Alkenes
Nucleophilic addition to carbonyls creates
Alcohol bonds
Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by what to form alcohols?
- LiAlH4
- NaBH4
What reduces -COOH and esters to alcohols?
LiAlH4
Weak oxidizing agents convert 1º OHs to
Aldehyde
Weak oxidizing agents convert 2º OHs to
Ketones
Strong oxidizing agents convert 1º OHs to
-COOH
Strong oxidizing agents convert 2º OHs to
Ketones
How are ethers named?
The smaller chain is used as the prefix whereas the longer chain is used as the suffix
Ethers boil at what temperatures?
Low temperatures
Diols with hydroxyl groups on the same carbon are called
Geminal diols
Diols with hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons are called
Vicinal diols
Geminal diols / hydrates spontaneously dehydrate to produce
Carbonyl compounds with the functional group C=O
The common name for Methanal is
Formaldehyde
The common name for Ethanal is
Acetaldehyde
The common name for Propanal is
Propionaldehyde
The common name for Propanone is
Acetone
Phenols are
Hydroxyl groups attached to aromatic rings
The hydroxyl hydrogen is
Weakly acidic
The hydroxyl groups of alcohols are
Poor leaving groups
A mesylate is a compound containing
–SO3CH3
Tosylates contain the functional group
–SO3C6H4CH3
What serve as protecting groups for alcohols?
- Mesylates
- Tosylates
Treatment of phenols with oxidizing agents produces compounds called
Quinones (basically ketones on a benzene)
What are required to complete the Jones oxidation?
Acidic conditions
In order to convert phenols into hydroxyquinones, how many steps of oxidation or reduction are required?
2
