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ORG CHEM FINAL ROUND > ALDEHYDES AND KETONES > Flashcards

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of aldehydes?
A) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
B) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one alkyl group.
C) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one alcohol group.
D) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one carboxylic acid group.

A

A) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

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2
Q

Which of the following statements about aldehydes is true?
A) Aldehydes are generally less reactive than ketones.
B) Aldehydes have higher boiling points than their corresponding alcohols.
C) Aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions to form hemiacetals.
D) Aldehydes are always more acidic than alcohols.

A

C) Aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions to form hemiacetals.

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2
Q

Which of the following compounds is an aldehyde?
A) Acetone
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Acetic acid
D) Butyraldehyde

A

B) Benzaldehyde

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3
Q

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound: CH3CH2CHO?
A) Propanal
B) Butanal
C) Pentanal
D) Hexanal

A

A) Propanal

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4
Q

Which of the following statements about the boiling points of aldehydes is true?
A) Aldehydes have higher boiling points than alcohols of similar molecular weight.
B) The boiling points of aldehydes are generally lower than those of ketones of similar molecular weight.
C) The boiling points of aldehydes are influenced by hydrogen bonding.
D) The boiling points of aldehydes increase with increasing branching of the carbon chain.

A

C) The boiling points of aldehydes are influenced by hydrogen bonding.

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5
Q

Which of the following reagents is commonly used to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids?
A) LiAlH4
B) NaBH4
C) KMnO4
D) PCC

A

C) KMnO4

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6
Q

Which of the following aldehydes is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions?
A) Formaldehyde
B) Acetaldehyde
C) Propionaldehyde
D) Butyraldehyde

A

A) Formaldehyde

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7
Q

How does the boiling point of an aldehyde compare to that of a corresponding alcohol?
A) The aldehyde has a higher boiling point.
B) The alcohol has a higher boiling point.
C) They have similar boiling points.
D) It depends on the specific aldehyde and alcohol.

A

B) The alcohol has a higher boiling point.

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7
Q

Which of the following reactions is characteristic of aldehydes?
A) Oxidation to carboxylic acids.
B) Reduction to primary alcohols.
C) Formation of imines.
D) Formation of acetals

A

B) Reduction to primary alcohols.

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8
Q

Which of the following compounds is an example of an aldehyde with a common name?
A) Ethanol
B) Methanal
C) Propanone
D) Butanediol

A

B) Methanal (Formaldehyde)

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8
Q

Which of the following is a common application of aldehydes and ketones in the pharmaceutical industry?
A) Flavoring agents in medicines
B) Solvents for drug synthesis
C) Antioxidants in drug formulations
D) Colorants in pharmaceutical coatings

A

B) Solvents for drug synthesis

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9
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic property of aldehydes that makes them suitable for use in disinfectants and antiseptics?
A) They have a high boiling point
B) They can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions
C) They can form hydrogen bonds
D) They can undergo oxidation reactions

A

D) They can undergo oxidation reactions

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10
Q

Formaldehyde is commonly found in which form in gaseous state?
A) H2CO2
B) HCHO
C) CH3OH
D) CH2O

A

D) CH2O

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11
Q

What is the name of the compound formed when formaldehyde reacts with phenol?
A) Bakelite
B) Formalin
C) Formic acid
D) Acetaldehyde

A

A) Bakelite

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12
Q

Formalin, which is a 40% solution of formaldehyde in water, is used for the preservation of:
A) Metals
B) Biological specimens
C) Fabrics
D) Food items

A

B) Biological specimens

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about ketones is true?
A) Ketones are generally less reactive than aldehydes.
B) Ketones have higher boiling points than their corresponding alcohols.
C) Ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions to form hemiketals.
D) Ketones are always more acidic than alcohols.

A

B) Ketones have higher boiling points than their corresponding alcohols.

13
Q

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound: CH3COCH2CH3?
A) Propanone
B) Butanone
C) Pentanone
D) Hexanone

A

B) Butanone

13
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of ketones?
A) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
B) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one alkyl group.
C) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one alcohol group.
D) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one carboxylic acid group.

A

B) They have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one alkyl group.

14
Q

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?
A) Acetone
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Acetic acid
D) Butanone

A

D) Butanone

15
Q

Which of the following reagents is commonly used to oxidize secondary alcohols to ketones?
A) LiAlH4
B) NaBH4
C) KMnO4
D) PCC

A

D) PCC

15
Q

Which of the following statements about the boiling points of ketones is true?
A) Ketones have higher boiling points than aldehydes of similar molecular weight.
B) The boiling points of ketones are generally lower than those of alcohols of similar molecular weight.
C) The boiling points of ketones are influenced by hydrogen bonding.
D) The boiling points of ketones increase with increasing branching of the carbon chain.

A

C) The boiling points of ketones are influenced by hydrogen bonding.

15
Q

Which of the following ketones is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions?
A) Acetone
B) Butanone
C) Pentanone
D) Hexanon

A

A) Acetone

16
Q

How can acetophenone be prepared from benzene?
A) Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by reduction
B) Friedel-Crafts alkylation followed by oxidation
C) Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by oxidation
D) Friedel-Crafts alkylation followed by reduction

A

A) Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by reduction

16
Q

Which of the following compounds is an example of a ketone with a common name?
A) Ethanol
B) Methanal
C) Propanone
D) Butanone

A

C) Propanone (Acetone)

16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method for preparing aldehydes?
A) Oxidation of primary alcohols
B) Ozonolysis of alkenes
C) Reduction of carboxylic acids
D) Hydrolysis of nitriles

A

C) Reduction of carboxylic acids

16
Q

Which of the following reactions is characteristic of ketones?
A) Oxidation to carboxylic acids.
B) Reduction of secondary alcohols.
C) Formation of imines.
D) Formation of acetals.

A

B) Reduction of secondary alcohols.

17
Q

How does the boiling point of a ketone compare to that of a corresponding alcohol?
A) The ketone has a higher boiling point.
B) The alcohol has a higher boiling point.
C) They have similar boiling points.
D) It depends on the specific ketone and alcohol.

A

B) The alcohol has a higher boiling point.

18
Q

Which reagent is commonly used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols?
A) LiAlH4
B) NaBH4
C) H2SO4
D) PCC

A

A) LiAlH4

19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic reaction of aldehydes?
A) Nucleophilic addition of cyanide ion
B) Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents
C) Oxidation to carboxylic acids
D) Formation of imines with ammonia

A

D) Formation of imines with ammonia

20
Q

How can acetone be prepared from 2-propanol?
A) Dehydration
B) Oxidation
C) Reduction
D) Halogenation

A

A) Dehydration

21
Q

What is the product of the reaction between a ketone and a Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis?
A) Alcohol
B) Alkene
C) Alkyne
D) Alkane

A

A) Alcohol

22
Q

How can propanal be prepared from propene?
A) Hydrogenation
B) Oxidation
C) Hydration
D) Ozonolysis

A

D) Ozonolysis

23
Q

Which reagent is commonly used for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones?
A) KMnO4
B) NaBH4
C) PCC
D) LiAlH4

A

C) PCC

24
Q
A
25
Q
A

ORG CHEM FINAL ROUND (4 decks)

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