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Chemistry Content > Aldehydes And Ketones > Flashcards

Aldehydes And Ketones Flashcards

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1
Q

Oxidation of alcohols produce what

A

Primary: aldehyde, carboxylic acid
Secondary: ketone
Tertiary: nothing

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2
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohol into aldehyde: experiment

A

Heat and distillation using acidified potassium dichromate

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3
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid: experiment

A

Reflux using acidified potassium dichromate

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4
Q

Oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid: experiment

A

Heat and reflux using acidified potassium dichromate

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5
Q

Test for aldehydes vs ketone

A

Tollens (heat): silver mirror
Fehling’s (heat): red precipitate

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6
Q

Conditions for oxidation of alcohols

A

Acidified

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7
Q

Reagent for oxidation of alcohols

A

Acidified Potassium dichromate

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8
Q

Oxidation of secondary alcohol to ketone conditions

A

Heat and reflux using acidified potassium dichromate

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9
Q

Positive test for acidified potassium dichromate

A

Orange to green
This is because Cr6+ is reduced to Cr3+ ions

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10
Q

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones produce what

A

Aldehyde: primary alcohol
Ketone: secondary alcohol

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11
Q

Mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones

A

Nucleophilic addition

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12
Q

Reagent for reduction of a+k

A

NaBH4
KCN/HCN followed by dilute acid

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13
Q

Conditions for reduction of a+k and why

A

aqueous as this provides the H+ ions

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14
Q

Why does nucleophilic addition occur

A

The C=O is polar and C is more delta positive whilst O is more delta negative. This means that the C is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles which are lone pair of electrons equally above or below the double bond.

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15
Q

Mechanism of nucleophilic addition for NaBH4

A
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16
Q

Nucleophilic Addition using HCN/KCN

A
17
Q

Often what type of products are formed after nucleophilic addition of KCN/HCN

A

Form a mixture of enantiomers, due to planar C=O the nucleophilic has an equal chance of attacking above or below so a racemic mixture formed.

18
Q

Why don’t we use KCN/HCN in a lab

A

It’s toxic

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