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Org > Aldehyde And Ketone > Flashcards

Aldehyde And Ketone Flashcards

1
Q

Prep of both ketone and aldehyde

A

1) By oxidation of alcohol-by primary aldehyde are prepared and by secondary ketone are prepared
2) By dehydration of alcohol- alcohol vapours are passed over heavy metal catalyst 1°- aldehyde 2°- ketone
3) By hydrocarbon-from ozonolysis Or from hydration of alkynes

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2
Q

Total method of prep of aldehyde

A

3
1) from acyl chloride (Rosenmund reduction)
2) From nitrile and ester (nitrile rexn is known as Stephen reaxn)
3) From hydrocarbon(includes etard)

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3
Q

Prep of aldehyde from acid chloride/acyl chloride/rosenmund reduction

A

Reagent-H2 Pd-BaSO4

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4
Q

Prep of aldehyde from nitrile by stephan reaxn

A

Reagent-SnCl2 and HCl then intermediate on hydrolysis give aldehyde
Intermediate-RCH=NH

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5
Q

Prep of aldehyde from nitrile and ester

A

Reagent-DIBAL-H
Imine then hydrolysis to give aldehyde

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6
Q

Prep of aldehyde from reduction of methyl benzene with use of chromyl chloride(CrO2Cl2) /etard reaxn

A

Reagent-CrO2Cl2 and CS2 to give chromium complex as intermediate and to give aldehyde as product after hydrolysis

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7
Q

Prep of aldehyde from chromium oxide (CrO3)

A

Reactant-Toluene Or substituted toluene
Reagent CrO3 and (CH3CO)2O acetic anhydride
Intermediate-Benzenediacetate
Then hydrolysis in presence of heat give benzaldehyde

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8
Q

Prep of aldehyde from side chain chlorination

A

Reactant-Toluene
Reagent-Cl2+hv
Intermediate-Benzal chloride
Hydrolysis at 373K to give benzaldehyde

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9
Q

Prep of aldehyde by gatterman koch rexn

A

Reactant-Aldehyde
Reagent-CO, HCl, Anhyd.AlCl3 Or CuCl

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10
Q

From what method aromatic aldehyde are prepared

A

From aromatic hydrocarbon by
1) oxidation of methyl benzene(includes etard)
2) side chain chlorination
3) gatterman koch

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11
Q

Commercial method of prep of benzaldehyde

A

By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis

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12
Q

Prep of ketone from acyl chloride

A

Treatment of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium (R2Cd).
Acyl chloride+R2Cd gives ketone and CdCl2

Prep of dialkylcadmium
Reaction of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) with Gringnard reagent
Gringnard reagent+CdCl2 give R2Cd +Mg(X)Cl

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13
Q

Prep of dialkylcadmium

A

Reaction of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) with Gringnard reagent
Gringnard reagent+CdCl2 give R2Cd +Mg(X)Cl

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14
Q

Prep of ketone from nitrile

A

Reagent-Grignard reagent
Followed by hydrolysis

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15
Q

Prep of ketone from benzene or substituted benzenes/Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction

A

Benzene+Acid chloride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to give benzene substituted ketone

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16
Q

Reduction of hydrocarbon of ketone and aldehyde incudes

A

Clemmensen and wolff kishner reaxn

17
Q

Clemmensen rexn

A

Reactant-Aldehyde and ketone
Reagent Zn-Hg and HCl
Product- CH2 group in place of C=O
+H2O

18
Q

Wolff kishner reaxn

A

Reactant-Aldehyde and ketone
Reagent-Hydrazine(NH2NH2) followed by heating with sodium or Pottasium hydroxide in high boiling solvent such as etylene glycol
Product-remoce H2O and give CH2 in place of C=O with N2

19
Q

Oxidation of aldehyde

A

Aldehyde easily oxidize to carboxylic acid with mild oxidizing agent

20
Q

Oxidation of ketone

A

Oxidizes under vigorous conditions i.e strong oxidising agents and at elevated temp
C-C cleavage

21
Q

Tests for differentiating aldehyde and ketone

A

1) tollens test
2) Fehling’s test

22
Q

Tollens reagent

A

2[Ag(NH3)2]+ known as ammonical silver nitrate solution

23
Q

Tollen’s test (only theory)

A

A bright silver mirror is produced due to the formation of silver mirror as a confirmation of aldehyde (which is due to formation of carboxylate ion)
This reaction occur in alkaline medium

24
Q

Tollen’s test rexn

A

RCHO + tollen’s reagent-> RCOO- +2Ag +2H2O +4NH3

25
Q

Fehling’s reagent

A

2 solution
Fehling solution A- aq.Copper sulphate
Fehling solution B- alkaline sodium Pottasium tartarate (Rochelle salt)

These solution are mixed in equal amount before test

26
Q

Fehling’s test (only theory)

A

On heating aldehyde with fehling’s reagent gives a reddish brown precipitate
Aldehyde are oxidized to corresponding carboxylate anion
Aromatic aldehyde do not react to this test

27
Q

Fehling’s test rexn

A

RCHO+2Cu+2 +5OH- –> RCOO- + Cu2O + 3H2O
Cu2O is red brown ppt know as cupprous oxide

28
Q

Reason behind acidity of alpha H of carbonyl grp

A

Due to the strong electron withdrawing effect of the carbonyl grp and resonance stabilisation of the conjugate base

29
Q

Aldol condensation

A

Must have Alpha H
Remove H2O for product
Reagent-Dil NaOH

30
Q

Canizzaro rexn

A

No alpha H
2 molecules of aldehyde
One is reduced to alcohol while other is oxidized to carboxylic acid salt
Reagent-conc. KOH

31
Q

ESR of aldehyde and ketone

A

Meta directing
For nitration-HNO3/H2SO4 at 273-283K

Org (5 decks)

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