Alcohols + Phenols Flashcards
Why can alcohols form hydrogen bonds?
They contain a hydroxyl group which is polar
Why do alcohols have high BP/MP?
The hydrogen bonds are the strongest of intermolecular forces whereas alkanes/alkenes only have VDW/dipole-dipole
How are alcohols formed from halogenoalkanes?
Undergo nucleophilic substitution
Reagents - NaOH (aq)
Conditions - Reflux and heat
How are alcohols formed from aldehydes/ketones?
Reduced using NaBH4
aldehyde - 1* alcohol
ketone - 2* alcohol
How are alcohols formed from carboxylic acids?
Reduced using LiAlH4
reduces to a 1* alcohol
How is an aldehyde formed?
1* alcohol
React with H+/K2Cr2O7 and distill
How is a carboxylic acid formed?
1* alcohol
React with H+/K2Cr2O7 and reflux
How is a ketone formed?
2* alcohol
React with H+/K2Cr2O7
What is a test for an aldehyde?
Add Tollen's reagent Silver mirror forms OR Add Fehling's solution Red ppt
What is a test for a ketone?
All other tests are negative
What is a test for a carboxylic acid?
Add NaHCO3
fizzing
What is phenol?
Phenol is a toxic, pink, crystalline solid
It is acidic/ a proton donor
What does phenol form an ester with?
Acyl-chloride
What are 2 tests for phenol?
Add Br2 water phenol forms a white ppt
Add FeCl3, turns violet
