Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

An organic compound with an -OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Draw the structure of the first three alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol and propanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a given alcohol, diol or triol

A

Methanol, Methan-diol, Methan-triol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the physical properties of alcohols?

A

Relatively high mp and bp, miscible with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the physical properties of alcohols

A

OH group leads to hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two methods for production of ethanol?

A

Fermentation of glucose, hydration of ethene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the conditions for the production of ethanol from ethene?

A

Heat, sulphuric acid catalyst, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What conditions are necessary for the fermentation of glucose?

A

Compromise temperature of 35°C, enzymes, sealed vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give two advantages of production of ethanol from glucose

A

Low tech required, renewable, potentially carbon neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from glucose

A

Slow, Low yield, Significant land use, Has to be distilled, Labour intensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is ethanol extracted after fermentation of glucose?

A

Fractional distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give two advantages of production of ethanol from ethene

A

Fast reaction, Pure product, Continuous process, Low on manpower, High yield, 100% alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from ethene

A

High technology, Non-renewable source, Expensive equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Write a balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of a given alcohol

A

CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a dehydration of an alcohol reaction?

A

One where water is eliminated from an alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the product of a dehydration of an alcohol reaction

A

An alkene

17
Q

What conditions are necessary for dehydration of an alcohol

A

Conc. phosphoric/sulphuric acid catalyst, heat and reflux

18
Q

What is the advantage of dehydrating alcohols to form alkenes?

A

Alkenes can be used as chemical feedstock without using crude oil

19
Q

What is an oxidation reaction in organic chemistry?

A

A reaction where oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from a compound

20
Q

What can primary alcohols be oxidized to?

A

Aldehydes and carboxylic acids

21
Q

What can secondary alcohols be oxidized to?

A

Ketones

22
Q

What can tertiary alcohols be oxidized to?

A

Nothing

23
Q

How is oxidation symbolized in an equation?

A

[O]

24
Q

What reagent is used for the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

25
Q

What colour change is observed in the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate turns green from orange

26
Q

Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to carboxylic acids?

A

Reflux

27
Q

Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to aldehyde

A

Distillation

28
Q

Which chemical tests can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?

A

Tollens’s reagent or Fehling’s solution

29
Q

What is observed when Tollens’ reagent is added to aldehydes?

A

Silver mirror

30
Q

What is observed when Fehling’s solution is added to aldehydes?

A

Orange precipitate