Alcohols Flashcards
What are the oxidation conditions to make an aldehyde?
Heat and distill
What are the oxidation conditions for a carboxyllic acid?
Reflux
How can you observe oxidation reactions?
Orange dichromate ions will be reduced to Cr3+ ions
What are the conditions for esters?
An acid catalyst and reflux
What combines to form an ester?
A carboxyllic acid and an alcohol
Ethanoic acid + methanol
Methyl ethanoate + water
What are the advantages of the fermentation method?
Ideal temp is 37 degrees which is easily achieved
Done at atmospheric pressure
Renewable source
What are the disadvantages of the fermentation method?
Batch process
Needs purifying
Large land mass needed
What are the advantages of the hydration method
Continuous process so quicker turnover
Nearly pure
What are the disadvantages of the hydration method?
High temperature
High pressure
Ethene from crude oil, non renewable
Much more expensive
Describe the hydration method of making alcohol
Steam and ethene are passed o er a phosphoric acid catalyst at 180 degrees under high pressure
E.g. C2H4 + H20(g) becomes C2H5OH
What is the fermentation method?
Yeast is added to an aqueous solution of sugar
E.g. C6H12O6 + yeast at 37 degrees becomes 2C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Compare the boiling point in alcohols to the boiling point in alkkanes?
It is higher due to hydrogen bonding
What are the oxidation conditions for alcohols?
H+/Cr2O72- , concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate
