ALCOHOLS Flashcards
How does alcohol soluble in water if contain large hydrophobic region ?
Larger hydrophobic region of alcohols decreases solubility
What is hydrophobic
Hydrocarbon
Rule for water solubility of alcohols
Have high water soluble, should have no more than 5 carbon atom per OH group.
Reaction to make alcohol
Sn1, sn2 involve to make alcohols
Green art reagent
R-MgX
Attach to ketone and aldehyde or ester to form alcohol with a newly installed R group
What reaction we will use to convert alcohol to Allene?
E2 and E1
E1 won’t work in alcohol primary
SUBSTITUTION Reaction in ALCOHOLS
Sn1 and sn2
React with Acid HX to form good leaving group then with nucleophile X-
What catalyst presence when alcohol react with HCl?
HCl is not not a good nucleophilic it need ZnCl2 when react with alcohol
Way to Substitute in alcohols
- use Sn1 in tertiary
- use Sn2 in primary and secondary: presence of ZnCl2 to help protonate
- convert OH to tosylate(OTs) when react with TsCl
- use reagent thionyl chloride SOCL2 into alkyl chloride
THIONYL CHLORIDE
SOCl2
What is a good reagent to use for oxidation in alcohols?
Chromic acid
CHROMIC ACID
H2CrO4
Mixture of CHROMIC ACID
Mixing of sodium dichromate and sulfuric acid
SSODIUM DICHROMATE
Na2Cr2O7
SULFURIC ACID
H2SO4
How we convert alcohol to carboxylic acid?
Primary alcohol react with chromic acid
Primary alcohol react with what reagent to form aldehyde?
PCC
Secondary alcohol react with to form ketone
PCC or H2CrO7
What happen in tertiary alcohol in oxidation?
There is no reaction
How to convert alcohol to ether?
First react with strong base like NA or sodium amide that stronger than alkoxide ion to get proton leaving alcohol to alkoxide ion(-OR)
Then -OR react with primary alkyl halide to form ether. Under SN2 reaction
Reaction to form alcohol
Alkyl halide react with strong nucleophile or weak nucleophile to form alcohol
Reaction to form alcohol from alkene
- React with HO3
- X2/H2O
OH add to most substients
3 react with (BH3. THF)/H2O2. NaOH
OH add to least substituents
