alcohols Flashcards
What can ethanol be used as
Biofuel
What is the formula for aldehydes
RCHO
What is the formula for ketones
RCOR’
What is the formula for a carboxylic acid
RCOOH
How can alcohols be classified
Primary - 1
Secondary - 2
Tertiary - 3
What does an aldehyde look like
What is the suffix
Name an example
R — C = O & the bottom — H
“al”
Ethanal
What does a ketone look like
What is the suffix
Name an example
Two R’s from the bottom of the c — R x2
=O from the top of the C
“One “
Propanone
What does an aldehyde look like
What is the suffix
Name an example
R — C =O from the top — OH from the bottom
“Oic acid”
Ethanoic acid
What can ethanol be used for
As an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic chemicals
As a solvent in cosmetics & perfumes
In the manufacture of drugs, detergents and inks
The alcohol in alcoholic drinks
What is a biofuel
A fuel produced from plants
What are the two seperation techniques for alcohols
Reflux
Distillation
Why are anti-bumping granules added to the flask in both distillation and reflux
to prevent vigorous, uneven boiling by making small bubbles form instead of large bubbles
What are the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation
Advantages
•sugar is a renewable resource
•production uses low level technology / cheap equipment
Disadvantages
•batch process which is slow and gives high production costs
•ethanol made is not pure and needs purifying by fractional distillation
•depletes land used for growing food crops
What are the advantages & disadvantages
Advantages:
•faster reaction
•purer product
•continuous process (which means cheaper manpower)
Disadvantages:
•high technology equipment needed (expensive initial costs)
•ethene is non-renewable resource (will become more expensive when raw materials run out) •high energy costs for pumping to produce high pressures
Oxidation of a 1 alcohol to an aldehyde
Reaction
Reagents
Observations
Conditions
Reaction - oxidation
Reagents - acidified potassium dichromate (KrCr2O7)
Observations - orange -> green
Conditions - Heat under distillation
