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PCOG Lec > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

Main examples of alcohol glycosides

A

Salicylates

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2
Q

T or F: salicylates are exclusively alcohols

A

F - both phenols and alcohols

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3
Q

Salicylates are both ____ and ____ (at the same time) due to saligenin

A

phenols and alcohols

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4
Q

Main aglycone of salicylates

A

Saligenin

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5
Q

Test - alcohol glycosides

A

Ester formation

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6
Q

Reagent - alcohol glycosides

A

Acetic acid

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7
Q

C2H5OH + CH3COOH –> _______ (ester)

A

CH3COOC2H5

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8
Q

Which functional group is detected/tested to confirm the presence of alcohol glycosides?

A

Ester

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9
Q

T or F: alcohol glycosides have the OH group directly attached to the phenyl ring

A

F - indirectly, attached to C attached to phenol ring
Phenol glycosides - directly attached OH to phenyl ring

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10
Q

Oxidation product of saligenin

A

Salicylic acid

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11
Q

Salicylic acid is formed from the oxidation of __

A

Saligenin

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12
Q

T or F: Salicylates / Salicylic acid can only stem from the chorismate branch

A

F - both chorismate and prephenate, though chorismate is shorter

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13
Q

T or F: Salicylates are aromatic, and therefore, come from the shikimic acid pathway

A

T

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14
Q

Immediate precursor of SA in the chorismate branch

A

Isochorismate

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15
Q

Immediate precursor of SA in the prephenate branch

A

Benzoic acid

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16
Q

An amino acid precursor of SA in the prephenate branch

A

Phenylalanine (F)

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17
Q

T or F: arogenate is a precursor of SA from the chorismate branch

A

F - prephenate branch

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18
Q

T or F: t-cinnamic acid is a precursor of SA from the prephenate branch

A

T

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19
Q

Scientific name - willow (2)

A

Salix purpurea, Salix fragilis

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20
Q

Family - willow

A

Salicaceae

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21
Q

Constituent - willow

A

Salicin

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22
Q

Salicin is hydrolyzed to __ by ___

A

Salicyl alcohol (saligenin), emulsin

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23
Q

Tor F: The glycoside salicin has its ether bond cut by the enzyme emulsin during hydrolysis to yield salicylic acid

A

F - yield salicyl alcohol or saligenin

24
Q

T or F: Salicyl alcohol can be oxidized in the lab to salicylic acid

25
Q

Use - willow

A

Antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory

26
Q

What process does SA undergo to form aspirin?

A

Acetylation

27
Q

T or F: The OH indirectly attached to the phenyl ring in saligenin is oxidized to RCOOH to form salicylic acid

28
Q

T or F: The OH directly attached to the phenyl ring in saligenin is acetylated to OAc to form aspirin

29
Q

Scientific name - poplar

A

Populus tremuloides

30
Q

Family - poplar

A

Salicaceae

31
Q

Constituents - poplar

A

Populin (benzoylsalicin)

32
Q

Part - poplar

33
Q

Use - poplar (4)

A

Quinine substitute, expectorant, analgesic, antipyretic

34
Q

Poplar is a common ingredient of ___ ___ mixtures

A

Herbal cough

35
Q

T or F: populin is larger than salicin

A

F - smaller

36
Q

Part used - black haw

37
Q

Sci name - black haw

A

Viburnum prunifolium

38
Q

Family - black haw

A

Caprifoliaceae

39
Q

Constituent - black haw

A

0.2% salicin, isovaleric acid

40
Q

Use - black haw

A

Inflammatory diseases: dysmenorrhea, bleeding, asthma

41
Q

Source of glycoside that is a natural product serving as source of beer bitterness

42
Q

Part - hops

A

Dried strobiles

43
Q

Sci name - hops

A

Humulus lupulus

44
Q

Family - hops

A

Cannabinaceae

45
Q

Constituents - hops (2)

A

Lupulin, xanthohumol

46
Q

Constituent of hops, reddish brown powder with bitter aromatic taste (beer)

47
Q

Specific principles of lupulus causing beer bitterness (general, specific)

A

Phloroglucinol derivatives: humulone (alpha-acids), lupulone (beta-acids)

48
Q

Constituent of hops which has cytotoxic effect on cancer cells

A

Xanthohumol

49
Q

T or F: hops can be anticancer

A

T - bc of xanthohumol

50
Q

Endemic species in PH

51
Q

Kamala aka ___

52
Q

Part - kamala

A

Trichomes / glands

53
Q

Sci name - kamala

A

Mallotus philippinensis

54
Q

Family - kamala

A

Euphorbiaceae

55
Q

Dull red brown powder, odorless, tastless

PCOG Lec (6 decks)

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