Alcohols Flashcards
What type of drug is ethanol?
Sedative hypnotic
Short term effects of alcohol? (9)
Drunk Memory loss/blackout Injury Violence Accidents Spouse abuse Suicide Overdose Death
Long term effects of alcohol? (10)
Dependence Cancer risk Learning/memory problems Mental health Social problems Diabetes Cirrhosis Pancreatitis Low birth weight FASD
What is the Vd of ethanol?
equal to total body water
Is ethanol absorbed rapidly or slowly? Partially or completely?
Rapidly
Completely
When are peak ethanol levels reached
within 30 min
What can delay ethanol absorption?
food
Why do women have higher peaks of EtOH than men? (3)
Lower body water
More body fat
Lower first-pass metabolism
Where is EtOH oxidized and what percentage? the rest goes where?
90% in the liver
Rest excreted by lungs and kidney
Metabolism of ethanol?
What cofactor is needed?
Acetaldehyde (Alcohol dehydrogenase)
Acetate (aldehyde dehydrogenase)
NAD+
Where is Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) mainly found?
When is the enzyme active?
Cytosol of cells in liver and gut
When NAD+ is available
Can ADH metabolize high doses of ethanol?
No
What metabolizes high doses of ethanol
microsomal ethanol oxidizing systems (MEOS)
NAD+ is limiting which means what about ethanol metabolism?
it is zero-order kinetics
What is zero-order elimination?
Constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit of time
What can change the metabolism of ethanol in different people?(2)
Tolerance = more enzymes
Genetic polymorphisms
MEOS consists of what? (3)
Uses what as a cofactor?
cytochrome p450 2E1, 1A2 and 3A4
NADPH
2 pharmacodynamic effects of ethanol?
- Dose-dependent CNS effects
2. Rapid onset of sedation, euphoria, impaired attention, impaired motor skills
4 membrane proteins affected by ethanol?
GABAA receptors
Inhibits glutamate at NMDA receptors
Inhibits enzymes like ATPases/adenyl cyclases
Ion channels (K channels)