Alcohol intoxication Flashcards
What is methanol metabolised to?
formaldehyde —-> formic acid
How is methanol poisoning treated?
give them alcohol (ethanol) as they are both metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase
What can formic acid cause?
acidosis can cause blindness and renal failure and is toxic
Where is alcohol mainly absorbed?
small bowel
Is alcohol water soluble?
YES
What is the role of alcohol dehydrogenase?
metabolises alcohol in the stomach
Which substances increase gastric emptying and therefore increase absorption?
antihistamines
metoclopramide
What are the differences in men and womens body is response to alcohol?
Women have less water to dilute the alcohol
Women have a lower lever of alcohol dehydrogenase
Give the alcohol break down equation?
Alcohol -> (alcohol dehydrogenase) -> acetaldehyde ->(aldehyde dehydrogenase)-> acetate -> CO2 and H20
Where does 90% of alcohol metabolism occur?
liver
Where does 5% of alcohol metabolsim occur?
breath
At what rate is alcohol cleared from the blood?
1 unit an hour
What is the process of the MEOS (microsomal enzyme oxidase system)?
when glucose is low it inhibits to hepatic gluconeogenesis, gives you munchies and diabetes
citric acid cycle (Krebs) switches to anaerobic metabolism so produce lactic acid
fatty acid oxidation is impaired so excess ketogenesis and lipid synthesis and alcohol makes you fat
What is Alcohol ketoacidosis?
excess NADG impaired fatty acid metabolism
usually associated with a malnourished state
high ketones but low or normal glucose level
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
low or normal glucose with high ketones
