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Nutrition > Alcohol in Nutrition > Flashcards

Alcohol in Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What compound does ethanol structurally resemble?

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What compound does ethanol metabolically resemble?

A

Fatty acids

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3
Q

Does ethanol have a high or low energy content?

A

High

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4
Q

Why are there no DRVs for alcohol?

A

Because it is not an essential nutrient

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5
Q

What percentage of energy do UK DRVs assume comes from alcohol?

A

5% = acts as an upper recommended limit

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6
Q

How many ml is one unit of alcohol?

A

10ml

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7
Q

What is the recommended average alcohol intake?

A

14 units a week

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8
Q

Where is alcohol readily absorbed?

A

Along the GI tract

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9
Q

Where is alcohol transported?

A

Unaltered in the blood

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10
Q

When is peak alcohol concentration of blood?

A

20-60 minutes after consumption

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11
Q

What are the two different ways in which alcohol can be metabolised?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway

Cytochrome P-450 system

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12
Q

Describe how alcohol is metabolised in the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway.

A
  1. Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase
  2. Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid (= highly toxic) by aldehyde dehydrogenase
  3. Acetic acid is converted to acetyl CoA
  4. Acetyl CoA is used in the krebs cycle and for fatty acid synthesis
  5. NAD is converted to NADH at each stage (accumulation is toxic)
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13
Q

Why might increased alcohol consumption lead to damaged vision?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase is used to convert retinol to retinal due to it being occupied in alcohol metabolism

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14
Q

Describe how ethanol is metabolised in the cytochrome-P450 system.

A

Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by cytochrome P-450

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15
Q

When is the cytochrome P-450 system induced?

A

As a result of chronic alcohol consumption

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16
Q

What are the effects of alcohol consumption?

A 
Reduced coordination 
Slow reaction time 
Sensory loss 
Slurred speech 
Blurred vision 
Unconsciousness
17
Q

What does chronic excessive alcohol consumption lead to?

A

Fatty liver disease - due to high NADH concentration
Cirrhosis - due to high acetaldehyde concentration
Lactic acidosis
Metabolic tolerance - results in no conversion of retinol to retinal

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of alcohol consumption?

A

Increased induced injuries
Mental health problems
Increased risk of some cancers
Increased risk of stroke

19
Q

What are the benefits of alcohol consumption?

A

Social well being
Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
Increased HDL in blood and decreased LDL in blood = types of cholesterol

Nutrition (27 decks)

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