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Neuroscience > Alcohol: Brain, Behaviour and Cognition > Flashcards

Alcohol: Brain, Behaviour and Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of alcohol?

A

Ethanol, Methanol and Isopropanol

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2
Q

Which type of alcohol is fermented from grains, fruits and vegetables?

A

Ethanol

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3
Q

Of the three main types of alcohol, which two are the most and least safe to drink?

A

Ethanol and Methanol.

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4
Q

The inhabitants of which continent seem to consume the least amount of alcohol? Europe, Africa, North America or South America?

A

Africa

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5
Q

Conger (1956) calimed alcohol’s stress reducing effects drive alcohol dependency. What is this hypothesis called?

A

Tension Reduction Hypothesis

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6
Q

A boost in which two neurotransmitters in the early stage of drinking are also thought to encourage further alcohol consumption?

A

Serotonin and Dopamine.

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7
Q

What term describes the percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream?

A

BAC - Blood Alcohol Count

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8
Q

How old are the earliest traces of beer ever found?

A

13,000 years ago.

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9
Q

Which ‘finger’ like cells absorb alcohol molecules in the gastro-intestinal tract?

A

Epithelial

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10
Q

What reduces the rate of alcohol intoxication by slowing the passage of alcohol from the stomach to the small intestine?

A

Food

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11
Q

What does the 2100:1 ratio represent in the measurement of blood alcohol level?

A

BrAC

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12
Q

Which enzyme metabolises around 95% of alcohol in the body?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

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13
Q

The brain’s attempt to correct the imbalance of which two neurotransmitters are thought to contribute to ‘hangxiety’?

A

GABA and Glutamate

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14
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic alcohol consumption?

A

Single use and Pro-longed use.

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15
Q

What is the most common form of alcohol consumption and the leading contributor of alcohol deaths among young drinkers?

A

Binge drinking.

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16
Q

Respectively, what are the brain’s major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate and GABA

17
Q

What term is used to describe the restricted information processing alcohol causes the brain?

A

Alcohol Myopia

18
Q

What is the legal BAC% limit for driving in England? Does alcohol impair cognition below this level?

A

0.08% and Yes.

19
Q

Does alcohol depress the activity of all cells it makes contact with?

A

No

20
Q

Which hormons does alcohol suppress that causes increased blood pressure, more urination and sleep disruptions?

A

Vasopressin

21
Q

In its action on GABA receptors, alcohol increased the flow of which ions into the neuron? Does this hyperpolarisation increase the cells positive or negative charge?

A

Calcium Ions and Negatively charges.

22
Q

What does alcohol do the brain’s glutamate receptors?

A

Suppresses them.

23
Q

What important set of cognitive functions are supported by the pre-frontal cortex?

A

Executive Function.

24
Q

What is the main connection between the neurotransmission of alcohol and alcohol myopia?

A

Alcohols GABA facilitation and glutamate suppression reduces neural activity resulting in reduced cognitive capacity.

25
Q

Which widely studied cognitive task is one of the key strands of evidence that alcohol impairs cognitive inhibition?

A

Go/No-Go Task

26
Q

Which important ocular function does alcohol impair that reduces both the speed and scope of visual search?

A

Saccades

27
Q

What perceptual deficit does alcohol cause, which may partly explain the so-called ‘beer goggles’ effect?

A

Bilaterial Symmetry

28
Q

The disruption of what type of hippocampal cells can impair navigation skills under alcohol’s influence?

A

Place cells

29
Q

What two aspects of performance on the ‘gorilla’ related inattentional blindness task can higher BAC levels impair?

A

Poorer Pass Counting Accuracy and Increased Inattentional blindness

30
Q

What are the less serious fragmentory alcohol memory ‘blackouts’ sometimes called?

A

Brownouts

31
Q

Which part of an unfamiliar face might the drunked brain have an unhelpfully narrowed focus of attention on?

A

Hairstyles

32
Q

What important memory function does alcohol disrupt, leading to an increased reliance on immediate or short-term memory?

A

Long-term Potentiation

33
Q

What does GABA stand for?

A

Gamma Aminobutryic Acid

34
Q

What does PFC stand for?

A

Pre-frontal Cortex

35
Q

What does ACC stand for?

A

Anterior-Cingulate-Cortex

36
Q

In disrupting the hippocampus, does alcohol mainly impair the consolidation of explicit or implicit memory?

A

Explicit

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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