Alcohol and drug abuse

Question 1

What receptors does alcohol work on?

Answer 1

GABAa activation

NMDA Glutamate inhibition

Question 2

What are the two types of tolerance?

Answer 2

Acute and chronic

Question 3

What is the process of alcohol tolerance?

Answer 3

• Increase in alcohol dehydrogenase
• Increase in GABA and NMDA receptors

Question 4

What is the Himmelsbach hypothesis?

Answer 4

This suggests that with intake we neurologically adapt.

Withdrawal is then an imbalance between the adaptation and lower intake

Question 5

What is the target for nicotine?

Answer 5

Nicotinic ACH receptors

Question 6

Where is dopamine made?

Answer 6

Substantia Nigra (Ventral tegmentum)

Question 7

Where does the ventral tegmentum project to?

Answer 7

Nucleus accumbuns

Question 8

What inhibits GABA inhibition of the ventral tegmentum?

Answer 8

Opiods

Question 9

What increases dopamine production directly?

Answer 9

Alcohol and nicotine

Question 10

What limits the dopamine trasporter leading to reduced dopamine clear up?

Answer 10

Cocaine

Amphetamines

Question 11

What other part of the brain has a factor to play when deciding whether to act on the reward circuit?

Answer 11

Pre frontal cortex.

This is why everyone doesnt become addicted.

Question 12

What does caffeine act on?

Answer 12

Adenosine receptor antagonist

Adenosine is key for sleep

Question 13

What does ketamine act on?

Answer 13

NMDA (glutamate)

Question 14

What does cannabis act on and what is the active ingredient?

Answer 14

• CB1 agonist
• Retrograde
• THC