Alcohol

Question 1

Prefrontal and orbitoftontal cortex

Answer 1

Executive center and inhibitory control lowered, motivation, judgement, self concept

Question 2

Basal ganglia

Answer 2

Motivation/emotional drive and automated behavioral learning, including memory circuits like hippocampus and likely cerebellum now becomes a procedural memory

Question 3

Anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 3

Attention and monitors performance

Question 4

Amygdala

Answer 4

Drugs cues activating it- latter adding emotional content to memories

Question 5

Corpus callosum

Answer 5

Insight and feedback how patient is faring, affected

Question 6

Anti reward system unregulated

Answer 6

CRF, NE, Habenula (increase negative and anxious mood state)

Now the main driver/neg. reinforcement as want to avoid this

Question 7

Wernickes encephalopathy

Answer 7

Thiamine deficiency

Ataxia
Confusion
Opthalmoplegia

Question 8

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 8

Amnesia
Confabulation
Treat with thiamine 3-12 months

Question 9

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 9

Lesions are symmetrical and paraventricular involving mammillary bodies

Question 10

Naltrexone

Answer 10

Reduce ethanol consumption by lower craving and lower mood elevating effect when drinking

Question 11

Disulfiram

Answer 11

Block the enzyme aldehyde DH with “flu like symptoms” if drinking alcohol

Question 12

Acamprosate

Answer 12

Increases GABA and complex effect on excitatory NMDA