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BDS3 PMHP > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

how is alcohol metabolised

A

distributed through body water
concentration in liver is greater as blood comes directly from stomach to liver via portal vein

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2
Q

how is alcohol absorbed

A

slowly absorbed in the stomach
quicker absorption in small intestine

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3
Q

how much alcohol is metabolised in liver

A

90%

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4
Q

what affects blood alcohol concentration

A

age
sex
size
body build
previous exposure
type of alcohol
whether food is taken

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5
Q

when does alcohol peak in blood

A

an hour after drinking

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6
Q

what does alcohol stimulate

A

dopamine and serotonin

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7
Q

what is the drink driving limit in scotland

A

50 mg per 100ml

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8
Q

why might people die from alcohol in blood being over 400mg per 100 ml

A

atrial fibrillation
respiratory failure
inhalation of vomit

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9
Q

what is the safe level of alcohol consumption a week

A

14 units

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10
Q

what health effects can alcohol have on the blood

A

macrocytosis
thrombocytopenia
leucopoenia

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11
Q

what are oral problems associated with heavy drinking

A

oral ulceration
angular cheilitis
dental neglect and trauma
lost dentures
salivary gland enlargement
xerostomia

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12
Q

why can poor wound healing and osteomyelitis occur during heavy alcohol consumption

A

suppression of immune system by alcohol

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13
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

healthy liver tissue replaced with scarred tissue

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14
Q

what is the most common causeof liver cirrhosis

A

alcohol

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15
Q

what are the problems with liver disease for dentists

A

reduced synthesis of clotting factors
combined reduced resorption of Vit K
thrombocytopenia
megakaryocyte maturation reduced gives lower platelets
platelet aggregation reduced

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16
Q

why might thrombocytopenia occur in liver disease

A

splenomegaly associated with portal hypertension
megakaryocyte maturation reduced leading to fewer platelets

17
Q

why might there be an increase in LA and antibiotic metabolism in patients with liver damage

A

heavy drinking induces liver enzymes

18
Q

what is the disulfiram reaction

A

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase which converts acetaldehyde to acetate causing acetaldehyde to build up and cause nausea and vomiting
used to treat alcoholism

19
Q

what drugs in dentistry can cause disulfiram reaction

A

metronidazole

20
Q

why must you avoid aspirin and NSAIDs in patients with liver damage

A

GI bleeding

21
Q

why should patients with Hep C abstain from alcohol

A

can cause liver disease very easily

22
Q

what occurs taking alcohol and cocaine together

A

new chemical is produced which is similar to cocaine but with longer half life

23
Q

what occurs taking cannabis and alcohol together

A

absorption of alcohol reduced but combination increases sensation of confusion

24
Q

what cardiovascular diseases are associated with alcohol

A

cardiomyopathy
cardiac arrhythmias

25
Q

what is cardiomyopathy

A

degenerative heart disease with no coronary artery disease

26
Q

what cardiac arrhythmias can alcohol induce

A

atrial fibrillation
prolonged Q-T intervals
inverted T waves
heart block
ventricular arrhythmias

27
Q

what is a protective effect of alcohol

A

low consumption reduces incidence of coronary artery disease

28
Q

what two conditions does alcohol have a protective effect over other than coronary artery disease

A

gallstones
macular degeneration

29
Q

what are side effects from oral cancer surgery

A

permanent disfigurement
problems with speech
problems with eating

30
Q

how does alcohol play a role in oral cancer

A

acetaldehyde promotes tobacco initiated tumours and facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across the oral mucosa

31
Q

what are dental trauma effects of alcohol

A

broken teeth
lost teeth
damage to soft tissues
lost dentures

32
Q

what are dental tissue side effects of alcohol

A

non-carious tooth surface loss as alcohol is very acidic
vomiting
bruxism

33
Q

what is hazardous drinking

A

risks for problems are likely

34
Q

what is harmful drinking

A

problems associated with alcohol are actually present

35
Q

what is dependent drinking

A

alcohol is needed to function

36
Q

what two types of drinking are amendable to brief intervention

A

hazardous and harmful

37
Q

what is the FRAMES acronym for brief motivational intervention

A

feedback to patient
responsibility with patient
advice to change
menu of self-directed change treatment
empathy
self-efficacy

BDS3 PMHP (9 decks)

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