Alcohol Flashcards
how is alcohol metabolised
distributed through body water
concentration in liver is greater as blood comes directly from stomach to liver via portal vein
how is alcohol absorbed
slowly absorbed in the stomach
quicker absorption in small intestine
how much alcohol is metabolised in liver
90%
what affects blood alcohol concentration
age
sex
size
body build
previous exposure
type of alcohol
whether food is taken
when does alcohol peak in blood
an hour after drinking
what does alcohol stimulate
dopamine and serotonin
what is the drink driving limit in scotland
50 mg per 100ml
why might people die from alcohol in blood being over 400mg per 100 ml
atrial fibrillation
respiratory failure
inhalation of vomit
what is the safe level of alcohol consumption a week
14 units
what health effects can alcohol have on the blood
macrocytosis
thrombocytopenia
leucopoenia
what are oral problems associated with heavy drinking
oral ulceration
angular cheilitis
dental neglect and trauma
lost dentures
salivary gland enlargement
xerostomia
why can poor wound healing and osteomyelitis occur during heavy alcohol consumption
suppression of immune system by alcohol
what is cirrhosis
healthy liver tissue replaced with scarred tissue
what is the most common causeof liver cirrhosis
alcohol
what are the problems with liver disease for dentists
reduced synthesis of clotting factors
combined reduced resorption of Vit K
thrombocytopenia
megakaryocyte maturation reduced gives lower platelets
platelet aggregation reduced
why might thrombocytopenia occur in liver disease
splenomegaly associated with portal hypertension
megakaryocyte maturation reduced leading to fewer platelets
why might there be an increase in LA and antibiotic metabolism in patients with liver damage
heavy drinking induces liver enzymes
what is the disulfiram reaction
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase which converts acetaldehyde to acetate causing acetaldehyde to build up and cause nausea and vomiting
used to treat alcoholism
what drugs in dentistry can cause disulfiram reaction
metronidazole
why must you avoid aspirin and NSAIDs in patients with liver damage
GI bleeding
why should patients with Hep C abstain from alcohol
can cause liver disease very easily
what occurs taking alcohol and cocaine together
new chemical is produced which is similar to cocaine but with longer half life
what occurs taking cannabis and alcohol together
absorption of alcohol reduced but combination increases sensation of confusion
what cardiovascular diseases are associated with alcohol
cardiomyopathy
cardiac arrhythmias
what is cardiomyopathy
degenerative heart disease with no coronary artery disease
what cardiac arrhythmias can alcohol induce
atrial fibrillation
prolonged Q-T intervals
inverted T waves
heart block
ventricular arrhythmias
what is a protective effect of alcohol
low consumption reduces incidence of coronary artery disease
what two conditions does alcohol have a protective effect over other than coronary artery disease
gallstones
macular degeneration
what are side effects from oral cancer surgery
permanent disfigurement
problems with speech
problems with eating
how does alcohol play a role in oral cancer
acetaldehyde promotes tobacco initiated tumours and facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across the oral mucosa
what are dental trauma effects of alcohol
broken teeth
lost teeth
damage to soft tissues
lost dentures
what are dental tissue side effects of alcohol
non-carious tooth surface loss as alcohol is very acidic
vomiting
bruxism
what is hazardous drinking
risks for problems are likely
what is harmful drinking
problems associated with alcohol are actually present
what is dependent drinking
alcohol is needed to function
what two types of drinking are amendable to brief intervention
hazardous and harmful
what is the FRAMES acronym for brief motivational intervention
feedback to patient
responsibility with patient
advice to change
menu of self-directed change treatment
empathy
self-efficacy
