Alcohol

Question 1

how is alcohol metabolised

Answer 1

distributed through body water
concentration in liver is greater as blood comes directly from stomach to liver via portal vein

Question 2

how is alcohol absorbed

Answer 2

slowly absorbed in the stomach
quicker absorption in small intestine

Question 3

how much alcohol is metabolised in liver

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

what affects blood alcohol concentration

Answer 4

age
sex
size
body build
previous exposure
type of alcohol
whether food is taken

Question 5

when does alcohol peak in blood

Answer 5

an hour after drinking

Question 6

what does alcohol stimulate

Answer 6

dopamine and serotonin

Question 7

what is the drink driving limit in scotland

Answer 7

50 mg per 100ml

Question 8

why might people die from alcohol in blood being over 400mg per 100 ml

Answer 8

atrial fibrillation
respiratory failure
inhalation of vomit

Question 9

what is the safe level of alcohol consumption a week

Answer 9

14 units

Question 10

what health effects can alcohol have on the blood

Answer 10

macrocytosis
thrombocytopenia
leucopoenia

Question 11

what are oral problems associated with heavy drinking

Answer 11

oral ulceration
angular cheilitis
dental neglect and trauma
lost dentures
salivary gland enlargement
xerostomia

Question 12

why can poor wound healing and osteomyelitis occur during heavy alcohol consumption

Answer 12

suppression of immune system by alcohol

Question 13

what is cirrhosis

Answer 13

healthy liver tissue replaced with scarred tissue

Question 14

what is the most common causeof liver cirrhosis

Answer 14

alcohol

Question 15

what are the problems with liver disease for dentists

Answer 15

reduced synthesis of clotting factors
combined reduced resorption of Vit K
thrombocytopenia
megakaryocyte maturation reduced gives lower platelets
platelet aggregation reduced

Question 16

why might thrombocytopenia occur in liver disease

Answer 16

splenomegaly associated with portal hypertension
megakaryocyte maturation reduced leading to fewer platelets

Question 17

why might there be an increase in LA and antibiotic metabolism in patients with liver damage

Answer 17

heavy drinking induces liver enzymes

Question 18

what is the disulfiram reaction

Answer 18

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase which converts acetaldehyde to acetate causing acetaldehyde to build up and cause nausea and vomiting
used to treat alcoholism

Question 19

what drugs in dentistry can cause disulfiram reaction

Answer 19

metronidazole

Question 20

why must you avoid aspirin and NSAIDs in patients with liver damage

Answer 20

GI bleeding

Question 21

why should patients with Hep C abstain from alcohol

Answer 21

can cause liver disease very easily

Question 22

what occurs taking alcohol and cocaine together

Answer 22

new chemical is produced which is similar to cocaine but with longer half life

Question 23

what occurs taking cannabis and alcohol together

Answer 23

absorption of alcohol reduced but combination increases sensation of confusion

Question 24

what cardiovascular diseases are associated with alcohol

Answer 24

cardiomyopathy
cardiac arrhythmias

Question 25

what is cardiomyopathy

Answer 25

degenerative heart disease with no coronary artery disease

Question 26

what cardiac arrhythmias can alcohol induce

Answer 26

atrial fibrillation prolonged Q-T intervals inverted T waves heart block ventricular arrhythmias

Question 27

what is a protective effect of alcohol

Answer 27

low consumption reduces incidence of coronary artery disease

Question 28

what two conditions does alcohol have a protective effect over other than coronary artery disease

Answer 28

gallstones macular degeneration

Question 29

what are side effects from oral cancer surgery

Answer 29

permanent disfigurement problems with speech problems with eating

Question 30

how does alcohol play a role in oral cancer

Answer 30

acetaldehyde promotes tobacco initiated tumours and facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across the oral mucosa

Question 31

what are dental trauma effects of alcohol

Answer 31

broken teeth lost teeth damage to soft tissues lost dentures

Question 32

what are dental tissue side effects of alcohol

Answer 32

non-carious tooth surface loss as alcohol is very acidic vomiting bruxism

Question 33

what is hazardous drinking

Answer 33

risks for problems are likely

Question 34

what is harmful drinking

Answer 34

problems associated with alcohol are actually present

Question 35

what is dependent drinking

Answer 35

alcohol is needed to function

Question 36

what two types of drinking are amendable to brief intervention

Answer 36

hazardous and harmful

Question 37

what is the FRAMES acronym for brief motivational intervention

Answer 37

feedback to patient responsibility with patient advice to change menu of self-directed change treatment empathy self-efficacy