AKI/CKD

Question 1

AKI

Answer 1

rapid kidney loss with:

• rise in serum creatinine and/or reduction in urine output
• elevated BUN and K+
• azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products)

Question 2

Prerenal causes

Answer 2

*think perfusion
factors that reduce systemic circulation:
severe dehydration, HF, decreased CO

*autoregulatory mechanisms attempt to preserve blood flow -> increased Na+ and H2O retention and decreased urine output

Question 3

Intrarenal causes

Answer 3

1 cause = acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

conditions that do direct damage to kidney tissue:

• prolonged ischemia
• nephrotoxins
• hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs
• myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells
• kidney disease (ex. acute glomerulonephritis and SLE)

Question 4

Postrenal causes

Answer 4

mechanical obstruction of outflow -> reflux -> impaired kidney function:
BPH
prostate cancer
calculi
trauma
extrarenal tumors

Question 5

AKI: 3 phases

Answer 5

oliguric
diuretic
recovery