AKI

Question 1

Define acute kidney injury

Answer 1

A rapid reduction in renal excretory function (can be due to several different causes)

Question 2

What is stage 1 of the KDIGO classification?

Answer 2

1.5-1.9x baseline serum creatinine and less than 0.5ml/kg/h urine for 6-12 hours

Question 3

What is stage 2 of the KDIGO classification?

Answer 3

2.0-2.9x baseline serum creatinine and less than 0.5ml/kg/h urine for more than 12 hours

Question 4

What is stage 3 of the KDIGO classification?

Answer 4

3x baseline serum creatinine and less than 0.3ml/kg/h urine for 24 hours or Anuria for more than 12 hours

Question 5

Give 3 examples of pre renal causes of AKI

Answer 5

Dehydration, sepsis, hypotension, severe heart failure

Question 6

Give 3 examples of post renal causes of AKI

Answer 6

Prostate enlargement, renal stones, pelvic cancer

Question 7

Give one advantage and 3 disadvantages of haemodialysis

Answer 7

Good removal of electrolytes. Hypotension (too much fluid removed too quickly), anaphylactic reaction to filter, air embolism

Question 8

Give 1 advantage and 3 disadvantages of peritoneal dialysis

Answer 8

Renal function declines less rapidly. Constipation, infections, electrolyte removal not as good

Question 9

Which immunosuppressive agents are used as maintenance therapy after a kidney transplant?

Answer 9

Ciclosporin or tacrolimus +/- prednisolone (only for 6 months as long term steroid use is bad)