AKI

Question 1

Overdose / intoxication with which drugs is an indication for renal replacement therapy?

Answer 1

• Barbiturates
• Lithium
• Alcohol
• Salicylates
• Theophylline

Question 2

What is the criteria for the development of AKI?

Answer 2

Creatinine >1.5 x baseline
Creatinine increase >26 mmol/l in 48 hours
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6-12 hours

Question 3

What is the severity criteria for KDIGO stage 2 AKI?

Answer 3

Creatinine 2.0-2.0 x baseline

Question 4

What is the severity criteria for KDIGO stage 3 AKI?

Answer 4

Creatinine >3 x baseline
Creatinine >400mmol/l
Urine output <0.3ml/kg/hr for >24 hours or anuric for >12 hours

Question 5

What are the potential pre-renal causes of AKI?

Answer 5

Hypovolaemia / hypo perfusion - sepsis, haemorrhage, third spacing (pancreatitis), heart failure, over-diuresis, hepatorenal syndrome, renal artery stenosis

Question 6

What are the potential renal causes of AKI?

Answer 6

Nephrotic drugs
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
TTP
HUS
SLE
Scleroderma

Question 7

What are the possible post-renal causes of AKI?

Answer 7

Obstruction due to:
Kidney stones
Urinary tract tumours
Prostatism - BPH, prostate cancer
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Urinary strictures
Pyelonephritis

Question 8

What are the potential complications of AKI?

Answer 8

CKD
End stage renal failure
Hyperphosphataemia
Hyperkalaemia
Uraemia