AKI Flashcards
What is the definition of an AKI
Acute drop in kidney function
What is an AKI diagnosed by
High Serum Creatinine Level
what are 3 risk factors of an AKI
What is the general age who get an AKI
CVD
Nephrotoxic medications
Diabetes
> 65 yr olds
What drug is a nephrotoxic medications
DIAMOND
Diuretics IV Contrast AB + ACEi Metformin Opiates NSAIDS Digoxin
What are the causes of an AKI (general)
Which is the most common cause
Pre-renal (most common)
Renal
Post Renal
Within the pre-renal causes, what are 2 causes of this type of AKI
Inadequate blood supply
==> HF
==> Dehydration = Hypotension
Within the renal causes, what are 3 causes of this type of AKI
Glomerulonephritis
Interstitial Nephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Within the post renal causes, what is the mechanism of it
Obstructive uropathy => back flow of pressure into kidney
What are the causes of obstructive uropathy => post renal causes (4)
Kidney Stones
Cancer
Ureter Strictures
Enlarged Prostates
Within Urinalysis, what does indicate:
Leucocytes + Nitrites ==>
Infection
Within Urinalysis, what does indicate:
Protein + blood ==> (2)
acute nephritis
Infection
What is the management of Pre-renal cause
IV fluids ==> Dehydration / hypotension
What is the management of a post renal cause
Remove the obstruction
==> Tamsulosin (stones)
What are 3 complications that can arise in AKI
Hyperkalaemia
Metabolic Acidosis
Uraemia => Encephalopathy
What is uraemia
Build up of urea in the blood
