Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (1) Airway, Respiration and Ventilation > Airway Management > Flashcards

Airway Management Flashcards

Learn how to properly manage airway emergencies

1
Q

How is the patient placed in the recovery position?

A

Left lateral recumbent position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe

How the Head Tilt Chin Lift is done?

A
  1. With pt in supine position
  2. One hand on forehead and one hand under the jaw
  3. Lift the chin upward, lifting the entire mandible with it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indications:

Head Tilt Chin Lift

A

Opening the airway for someone that has not sustained trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the procedures for Jaw Thrust Maneuver?

A
  1. Stand at the head of the stretcher, while pt is in supine position.
  2. Place your thumbs on the zygomatic arch.
  3. Hook your fingers under the angle of the mandible.
  4. Pull the jaw upward.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications:

Jaw Thrust Maneuver

A

Opening the airway with suspected trauma present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fill in the blank.

Suction canisters should generate ____ mmHg when clamped for 4 seconds.

A

300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When should you use a Yankauer catheter versus a French catheter?

A
  • Yankauer: large volumes of fluid
  • French: ET/LMA/King/Stoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the maximum allowed suctioning times for adult, child, and infant?

A
  • Adult: 15 secs.
  • Child: 10 secs.
  • Infant: 5 secs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you measure the suction tip for proper depth during suctioning?

A

corner of the mouth to the earlobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the steps for proper airway suctioning.

A
  1. Measure the catheter appropriately.
  2. Turn the patient’s head to the side before suctioning.
  3. Do not suction while inserting.
  4. Suction in a circular motion as the catheter is withdrawn.
  5. Do not suction for more than 15 seconds (adult).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define:

OPA

A

Oropharyngeal airway

Used to hold the tongue from the posterior pharyngeal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indications:

OPA

A
  • unresponsive patient
  • no gag reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you measure an OPA?

A

Patient’s earlobe to the corner of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the steps for inserting an OPA.

A
  1. Measure appropriately.
  2. Open the mouth with the cross-finger technique.
  3. Insert OPA with the tip at the roof of the mouth.
  4. Rotate the OPA 180 degrees, flipping it over the tongue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define:

NPA

A

Nasopharyngeal Airway

A rubber tube is inserted through the nose into the posterior pharynx behind the tongue and allows air to pass through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindications:

NPA

A
  • facial trauma
  • skull fracture
  • patient intolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you measure an NPA?

A

Patients earlobe to tip of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the steps for inserting an NPA.

A
  1. Measure appropriately.
  2. Lubricate the NPA.
  3. Place in the largest nostril, bevel towards the septum (if left nostril, rotate 180 degrees while inserting).
  4. Insert gently.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the causes of an airway obstruction?

A
  • tongue
  • foreign body
  • laryngeal spasm/edema
  • laryngeal injury
  • aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment

mild airway obstruction

A

Leave it alone and instruct to cough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment

Severe airway obstruction of foreign body.

Patient is unable to talk/breathe.

A

Abdominal thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When do you stop doing abdominal thrusts in a choking patient?

A

When they become unresponsive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you perform the Heimlich on a pregnant patient?

A

chest thrusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you do if your choking patient becomes unresponsive?

A
  1. Lay the patient down and begin chest compressions.
  2. After 30 compressions, look inside the mouth.
  3. If there is a visible obstruction, attempt to remove it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If you cannot see the obstruction in a choking patient while doing CPR, what is an advanced technique to try to visualize and remove the obstruction?

A

Direct laryngoscopy

Remove obstruction with Magill Forceps if able.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most common oxygen cylinder used on scene?

Contains 350L of oxygen.

A

D cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the typical oxygen cylinder used on the ambulance?

Contains 3000L of oxygen.

A

M cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fill in the blank.

You should replace your oxygen cylinder when it reaches ____ psi or lower.

A

200

Some systems are < 500.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the formula for calculating the remaining oxygen in a tank?

A

Tank pressure in psi - 200 psi x Cylinder constant / Flow Rate (L/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How much oxygen can a non-rebreathing mask deliver at 15 L/min?

NRB

A

90-100%

31
Q

What is the flow rate and oxygen percentage delivered by a nasal cannula?

A

1-6 L/min

24-44%

32
Q

What is the flow rate and oxygen percentage delivered by a partial NRB?

A

6-10 L/min

35-60%

33
Q

What is the venturi mask useful for?

A

It delivers highly specific amounts of oxygen concentrations.

34
Q

Fill in the blank.

The BVM ventilation rate for an adult who is apneic but has a pulse is typically _____ breathe/min.

A

10-12

35
Q

List the steps in performing BVM.

A
  1. Select the proper size.
  2. Perform HTCL, or Jaw thrust.
  3. Suction as needed.
  4. Insert OPA/NPA.
  5. Position the mask’s top edge over the bridge of the nose and the bottom edge in the groove between the lower lip and chin.
  6. Use an EC clamp.
  7. Ventilate every 5–6 seconds.
  8. Assess for chest rise and fall.
36
Q

Define:

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Opens collapsed alveoli and increases pressure within the lungs.

37
Q

Indications:

CPAP

A
  • Alert and able to follow commands.
  • Moderate to severe respiratory distress.
  • COPD, Pulmonary Edema, Asthma, or CHF.
  • SpO2 levels < 90%.
38
Q

Contraindications:

CPAP

A
  • Respiratory arrest
  • Hypoventilation
  • Pneumothorax/chest trauma
  • Active GI bleed/vomiting
  • Unable to follow commands
  • Hypotension
39
Q

Define:

gastric distention

A

It happens when air enters the patient’s stomach.

40
Q

What are the complications of gastric distention?

A
  • regurgitation/aspiration
  • pushes the diaphragm upward
41
Q

When should an NG/OG tube be placed?

A

When any positive pressure ventilations will occur.

42
Q

How do you measure an OG/NG tube?

A
  • OG: Mouth → Ear → Xiphoid process
  • NG: Nose → Ear → Xiphoid process
43
Q

How do you ventilate a stoma?

A
  • Mouth-to-stoma - barrier device
  • Infant/child BVM - over stoma

Make sure to seal the mouth and nose during ventilations.

44
Q

List the steps in suctioning a stoma.

A
  1. Done PPE.
  2. Pre-oxygenate via BVM: 100% oxygen.
  3. Inject 3 ml of normal saline through the stoma.
  4. Insert soft-tip suction during exhalation.
  5. Suction while withdrawing the catheter.
  6. Resume BVM and ventilation.
45
Q

What is the concern with a tracheostomy tube becoming dislodged?

A

stenosis of the stoma

46
Q

In assessing a difficult airway, LEMON is a mnemonic that stands for:

A

Look

Evaluate 3-3-2

Mallampati

Obstruction

Neck mobility

47
Q

What is the 3-3-2 rule for difficult airways?

A
  • 3 fingers fit into the opening of the mouth.
  • 3 fingers in space from the chin to the hyoid bone.
  • 2 fingers in space from the thyroid notch to the hyoid bone.
48
Q

What is a Mallampati classification?

A

An evaluation of the posterior pharynx and structures to determine the difficulty of intubation.

49
Q

Define:

Murphy’s Eye

A

Opening on the side of the tube that allows ventilation even if the tip is occluded.

50
Q

What is the formula for pediatric tube size?

A

Age + 16 / 4

51
Q

What structures are the Mac and Miller blades aiming for?

A
  • Mac: Sits inside the vallecula to lift the epiglottis.
  • Miller: Directly lifts the epiglottis with the blade.
52
Q

What position should the head be in for intubation?

A

sniffing

53
Q

How far do you advance the proximal cuff once it is inserted through the vocal cords?

A

1-2 cm

54
Q

Define:

BURP maneuver

A

Backwards

Upwards

Rightward

Pressure

55
Q

Fill in the blank.

The first and most reliable method of confirming tube placement is _____ the tube passing through the vocal cords.

A

visualizing

56
Q

How do you fix a right main stem intubation?

A

Slowly back the tube up while auscultating and ventilating.

57
Q

How deep should a tube be placed at the teeth?

A

tube size x 3

58
Q

Indications:

nasotracheal intubation

A
  • The patient has to be spontaneously breathing.
  • AMS and respiratory failure with intact gag reflex.
59
Q

List the differences of pediatric airways versus adults.

A
  • larger head - flexes downward
  • larger tongue - airway obstruction
  • floppy epiglottis - require lifting
  • smaller trachea
60
Q

What is the smallest portion of a pediatric’s airway?

A

cricoid ring

61
Q

What should be placed during a pediatric intubation to ensure proper positioning?

A

Towels under the back.

62
Q

Name the sedatives used in RSI.

A
  • Valium, Ativan, Versed
  • Ketamine
  • Etomidate
63
Q

Define:

Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

A

They bind to acetylcholine, similar to depolarizing agents. However, they exceed the threshold of ACh needed to cause fasciculations.

Eg. Rocuronium, Vecuronium, and Pancuronium.

64
Q

Define:

Depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

A

Competitively binds with ACh receptors, causing fasciculations

Eg. Succinylcholine

65
Q

What are the onset and duration time of succinylcholine?

A
  • onset: 60-90 secs.
  • duration: 5-10 mins.
66
Q

What are the onset and duration time of rocuronium and vecuronium?

A

Rocuronium:

  • onset: < 2 mins.
  • duration: 45-60 mins.

Vecuronium:

  • onset: 2 mins.
  • duration: 45 mins.
67
Q

Define

RSI

A

Rapid-Sequence Intubation

68
Q

What is the lidocaine dose for RSI of a head injury?

A

1.5 mg/kg

Stops the increase of ICP from laryngeal stimulation.

69
Q

What is the pediatric atropine premedication dose for RSI?

A

.02 mg/kg

70
Q

When using a combitube, which tube should be ventilated first?

A

blue tube

If chest rise, continue to ventilate.

71
Q

When inserting an LMA, where should the tip sit in the airway?

A

It should rest against the epiglottis.

72
Q

How are king airways sized per height?

A

Size:

  • 3 → 4-5’
  • 4 → 5-6’
  • 5 → > 6’
73
Q

When doing a surgical cric, what landmarks do you cut between?

Cricothyroidotomy

A

Thyroid cartilage and cricoid ring.

Cricothyroid membrane

74
Q

What type of ventilator can be used on a needle cric?

A

jet ventilator

EMT-P (1) Airway, Respiration and Ventilation (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions