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🛸 Private Pilot - ATP > Airspace > Flashcards

Airspace Flashcards

1
Q

Class B - VFR Weather Minimums

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - Clear of clouds

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2
Q

Class A - VFR Weather Minimums

A

None. IFR only, unless otherwise authorized.

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3
Q

Class C - VFR Weather Minimums

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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4
Q

Class D - VFR Weather Minimums

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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5
Q

Class E - VFR Weather Minimums (less than 10,000 feet MSL)

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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6
Q

Class E - VFR Weather Minimums (at or above
10,000 feet MSL)

A

Flight Visibility - 5 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 1,000 feet below, 1 statute mile horizontal

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7
Q

Class G - VFR Weather Minimums (1,200 feet or less above the surface/Day)

A

Flight Visibility - 1 statute mile

Distance from clouds - Clear of clouds

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8
Q

Class G - VFR Weather Minimums (1,200 feet or less above the surface/Night)

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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9
Q

Class G - VFR Weather Minimums (More than 1,200 feet above the surface but less than 10,000 MSL/Day)

A

Flight Visibility - 1 statute mile

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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10
Q

Class G - VFR Weather Minimums (More than 1,200 feet above the surface but less than 10,000 MSL/Night)

A

Flight Visibility - 3 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal

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11
Q

Class G - VFR Weather Minimums (More than 1,200 feet above the surface and at or above 10,000 MSL)

A

Flight Visibility - 5 statute miles

Distance from clouds - 1,000 feet above, 1,000 feet below, 1 statute mile horizontal

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12
Q

Two Categories of Airspace

A
  1. Regulatory
  2. Non-regulatory
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13
Q

Four Types of Airspace

A
  1. Controlled
  2. Uncontrolled
  3. Special Use
  4. Other airspace
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14
Q

Class A Airspace

A

The airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 NM of the coast of the 48 contiquous states and Alaska. IFR required.

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15
Q

Class B Airspace

A

The airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports. Each individual airspace of this type is tailored, consisting of a surface area and two or more layers (usually resembling an upside down wedding cake).

ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area.

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16
Q

Class C Airspace

A

The airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet MSL surrounding airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements.

Each individual airspace of this type is tailored, but generally consists of a surface area with a 5 NM radius and an outer circle with a 10 NM radius extending from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation.

Each aircraft must establish two-way radio comms with the airspace facility’s ATC prior to entering and must maintain comms while within the airspace.

17
Q

Class D Airspace

A

The airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet MSL surrounding airports that have an operational control tower. When instrument procedures are published, the airspace is normally designed to contain the procedures.

Unless otherwise authorized, each aircraft must establish two-way radio comms with the airspace’s ATC facility prior to entering and maintain while within the airspace.

18
Q

Class E Airspace

A

Controlled airspace not classified as A, B, C, or D airspace. A large amount of the airspace over the US is this class. Typically this extends up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL (the lower limit of Class A airspace). All airspace above FL 600 is this class.

Sectional and other charts depict this airspace when the base is below 14,500 feet MSL, but if there is no depiction, then the airspace begins at 14,500 feet MSL.

In most areas, this airspace base is 1,200 feet AGL, but in some areas, the base is either the surface or 700 feet AGL. Some airspace of this class begins at an MSL altitude depicted on charts.

19
Q

Class G Airspace

A

This is an uncontrolled airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace.

ATC has no authority or responsibility to control air traffic, but pilots should remember there are VFR minimums that apply to this airspace.

20
Q

Special Use Airspace/Special Areas of Operation (SAO)

A

The airspace where certain activities must be confined or where limitations may be imposed.

This airspace depicted on instrument charts includes the area name or number, effective altitude, time and weather conditions of operation, the controlling agency, and the chart panel location.

Types of this airspace are:
- prohibited areas
- restricted areas
- warning areas
- military operations (MOAs)
- alert areas
- controlled firing areas (CFAs)

21
Q

Prohibited Airspace

A

Airspace of defined dimensions within which the flight of the aircraft is prohibited. Established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare.

Charted as a “P” followed by a number (e.g. P-40). Examples of this airspace include Camp David and the National Mall in Washington, D.C., where the White House and Congressional buildings are located.

22
Q

Restricted Areas

A

Areas where operations are hazardous to non-participating aircraft and contain airspace within which the flight of the aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restrictions.

IFR flights may be authorized to transit the airspace and are routed accordingly. Penetration of this airspace without authorization from controlling agency/ATC may be extremely hazardous.

23
Q

Warning Areas

A

An airspace of defined dimensions, extending 3 NM outward from the coast of the US, containing activity that may be hazardous to non-participating aircraft.

Similar in nature to restricted areas, however the US government does not have sole jurisdiction.

May be located over domestic or international waters or both. Designated with a “W” followed by a number (e.g., W-237).

24
Q

Military Operation Areas (MOAs)

A

Airspace with defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from IFR traffic.

Non-participating IFR traffic may be cleared through this airspace if ATC can provide separation, otherwise the aircraft is rerouted or restricted.

These airspaces are depicted on sectional, VFR terminal area, and en route low altitude charts and are not numbered (e.g., Camden Ridge ___)

This airspace is further defined on the back of sectional charts with times of operation, altitudes affected, and the controlling agency.

25
Q

Alert Areas

A

Depicted on aeronautical charts with an “A” followed by a number (e.g., A-211) to inform non-participating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity.

Pilots should exercise caution in these areas.

26
Q

Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs)

A

These areas contain activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft.

Activities must be suspended when a spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout position indicates an aircraft might be approaching.

No need to chart these areas because they do not cause a change in flight path.

27
Q

Other Airspace Areas

A

A general term referring to the majority of the remaining airspace, including:

  • Local airport advisory (LAA)
  • Military training route (MTR)
  • Temporary flight restriction (TFR)
  • Parachute jump aircraft operations
  • Published VFR routes
  • Terminal radar service area (TRSA)
  • National security area (NSA)
  • Air Defense Indication Zones (ADIZ)
  • Intercept procedures and use of 121.5 for communication if not on ATC already
  • Flight Restricted Zones (FRZ) in vicinity of Capitol and White House
  • Special Awareness Training required by 14 CFR 91.161 for pilots to operate VFR within 60 NM of Washington, D.C. VOR/DME
  • Wildlife Areas/Wilderness Areas/National Parks and requests to operate above 2,000 AGL
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Marine Areas off the coast with requirement to operate above 2,000 AGL
  • Tethered balloons for observation and weather recordings that extend on cables up to 60,000
28
Q

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

A

Land and water based area. Need for Defense VFR (DVFR) flight plan to operate in this airspace.

29
Q

Local Airport Advisory (LAA)

A

Advisory service only available in Alaska provided by Flight Service Station (FSS) Facilities, which are located on the landing airport, using a discrete ground-to-air frequency or the tower frequency when the tower is closed.

These advisories include local airport advisories, automated weather reporting with voice broadcasting system, and a continuous Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)/Automated Weather Observing Station (AWOS) data display, etc.

30
Q

Military Training Routes (MTRs)

A

Routes used by military aircraft to maintain proficiency in tactical flying. Usually established below 10,000 feet MSL for operations at speeds in excess of 250 knots.

Identified as IFR (IR) and VFR (VR), followed by a number. Routes with no segment above 1,500 feet AGL are four number characters (e.g., IR1206, VR1207). Routes with one or more segments above 1,500 feet AGL are identified by three number characters (e.g., IR206, VR207).

31
Q

Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR)

A

A flight data center (FDC) Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) is issued to designate this airspace temporarily.

Begins with the phrase “FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS” followed by the location, effective time period, are defined in statute miles, and altitudes affected.

32
Q

Published VFR Routes

A

Routes for transitioning around, under, or through some complex airspace. Terms such as VFR flyway, VFR corridor, Class B airspace VFR transition route, and terminal area VFR route can apply.

33
Q

Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs)

A

Areas where participating pilots can receive additional radar services, with the purpose being to provide separation between all IFR operations and participating VFR aircraft.

Depicted on VFR sectional charts with gray circles and altitudes for each segment. Airports within these areas are usually Class D. The remaining portion of this area overlies other controlled airspace, usually Class E.

Participation in these services is voluntary, but pilots operating under VFR are encouraged to take advantage.

34
Q

National Security Areas (NSAs)

A

Airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities.

Prohibitions are disseminated via NOTAM. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through these areas.

35
Q

Class A Requirements

A

Entry - ATC Clearance

Equipment - IFR equipped

Minimum Pilot Certification - Instrument rating

36
Q

Class B Requirements

A

Entry - ATC Clearance

Equipment - Two-way radio, transponder with altitude reporting capability

Minimum Pilot Certification - Private (student/recreational pilots may operate at other than the primary airport if seeking private pilot certification and if regulatory requirements are met)

37
Q

Class C Requirements

A

Entry - Two-way radio communications established prior to entry

Equipment - Two-way radio, transponder with altitude reporting capability

Minimum Pilot Certification - No specific requirement

38
Q

Class D Requirements

A

Entry - Two-way radio communications established prior to entry

Equipment - Two-way radio

Minimum Pilot Certification - No specific requirement

39
Q

Class E Requirements

A

Entry - None for VFR

Equipment - No specific requirement

Minimum Pilot Certification - No specific requirement

🛸 Private Pilot - ATP (8 decks)

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