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ATP Elevate Notes > Airplane Systems > Flashcards

Airplane Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main part of the airplane called?

A

Fuselage

The fuselage is the body of the airplane that houses the crew and cargo.

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2
Q

What does the preflight inspection involve?

A

Looking for dents, screws, damage, and fluids

Preflight checks are crucial for ensuring the safety and functionality of the aircraft.

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3
Q

What are the components of the empennage?

A

Vertical stabilizer, rudder, elevator, horizontal stabilizer, trim

The empennage is the tail section of the aircraft, which stabilizes the airplane in flight.

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4
Q

What controls the pitch of an airplane?

A

Elevator

The elevator moves up and down to control the angle of ascent or descent.

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5
Q

How does the rudder assist in flying an airplane?

A

Gives yaw

The rudder helps steer the airplane on the ground and stabilizes it in the air.

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6
Q

What is the primary function of wings on an airplane?

A

Provide lift

The wings are designed to create lift as air flows over and under them.

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7
Q

What are flaps used for?

A

Reduces speed to allow for increased pitch

Flaps are located on the inside of the wing and help in managing the aircraft’s speed during takeoff and landing.

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8
Q

Where are ailerons located on an airplane?

A

Outside of wings

Ailerons are used for controlling the roll of the aircraft.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of landing gear?

A

Used to taxi and land

Landing gear supports the aircraft when on the ground.

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10
Q

What is a tricycle configuration in landing gear?

A

Nose wheel front

This configuration includes a front wheel and two rear wheels, providing stability during ground operations.

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11
Q

What does a shock absorber do in landing gear?

A

Absorbs shock on landing

The shock strut helps to cushion the aircraft when landing.

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12
Q

What is the function of a propeller?

A

Acts as a wing to produce thrust

The propeller generates the necessary thrust for the airplane to move forward.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ controls the aircraft’s pitch.

A

Elevator

The elevator’s movement directly affects the aircraft’s angle of ascent or descent.

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14
Q

True or False: The rudder is used primarily for controlling roll.

A

False

The rudder is used for controlling yaw, while ailerons control roll.

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15
Q

What are the main components of the empennage?

A

Vertical stabilizer, rudder, elevator, horizontal stabilizer, trim

These parts work together to stabilize the aircraft in flight.

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16
Q

What is required inside aircraft and includes all checklists?

A

POH

POH stands for Pilot Operating Handbook.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the preflight checklist?

A

To ensure nothing is forgotten

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18
Q

What should be done as part of the postflight procedures?

A

Walk around to ensure no damage

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19
Q

What are the three axes of aircraft movement?

A
  • Roll (longitudinal, ailerons)
  • Pitch (lateral, yoke)
  • Yaw (vertical, rudder)
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20
Q

What effect does downward deflection of ailerons have?

A

Increases lift and increases adverse yaw opposite the turn

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21
Q

How is adverse yaw countered during a turn?

A

By rudder

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22
Q

What controls yaw in an aircraft?

A

Rudder

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23
Q

What controls pitch in an aircraft?

A

Stabilator, controlled by yoke

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24
Q

What is the effect of flaps on an aircraft?

A

Increases drag

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25
Q

What is the purpose of trim in an aircraft?

A

Alleviates pressure on yoke

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26
Q

What direction does the antiservo on an Archer move?

A

In the same direction as stabilator

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27
Q

What is the function of spoilers on an aircraft?

A

High drag, reduces lift

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28
Q

What are leading edge devices used for?

A

Attached to leading edge to increase lift

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29
Q

What does the powerplant do in an aircraft?

A

Converts chemical to mechanical energy

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30
Q

What is the function of the four-stroke cycle in aircraft engines?

A
  • Intake: air/fuel drawn in
  • Compression: mixture compressed
  • Power: mixture ignited
  • Exhaust: byproducts released
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31
Q

What does LHAND stand for in aircraft engines?

A
  • Lycoming
  • Horizontally opposed
  • Air cooled
  • Naturally aspirated
  • Direct driven
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32
Q

What is the total capacity of the Archer fuel system?

A

50 gallons total, 48 useable

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33
Q

What types of fuel pumps are used in the Archer fuel system?

A

One engine driven pump and one electric

34
Q

How often do you need to switch tanks in the Archer?

A

Every 30 minutes

35
Q

How many sumps are there in the Archer fuel system?

A

3 sumps

36
Q

What is the purpose of the hydraulic system in the Archer?

A

Used for wheel brakes

37
Q

How does the hydraulic system engage the brakes?

A

Pushes fluid to brake struts which engages the brakes

38
Q

What is the function of the shimmy dampener in the Archer?

A

To stop nose wheel shaking

39
Q

What avionics systems are included in the Archer?

A

Garmin 450, 500, 1000

40
Q

What does ADS-B out do?

A

Broadcasts location

41
Q

What is the function of ADS-B in?

A

Receives location of traffic

42
Q

What does the transponder do in the Archer?

A

Shows location to ATC

43
Q

What is color coded in the airspeed indicator?

A

V. speeds

44
Q

What does the airspeed indicator display?

A

Indicated airspeed with trend vector

45
Q

What information does the attitude indicator provide?

A

Displays pitch attitude + bank degree

46
Q

What does the altimeter display?

A

Altitude MSL with trend vector adjusted with altimeter setting

47
Q

What does the heading indicator show?

A

Airplane heading, set to magnetic compass

48
Q

What does the vertical speed indicator indicate?

A

Rate of climb or descent

49
Q

What does the slip indicator show?

A

Rate of turn, shows if coordinated

50
Q

What components are included in the Pitot static system?

A

ASI, VSI, altimeter

ASI stands for Airspeed Indicator, VSI stands for Vertical Speed Indicator.

51
Q

How does air pressure change with altitude?

A

Air pressure decreases as altitude increases.

52
Q

In which direction does pressure move?

A

Pressure moves from high to low.

53
Q

What does the ASI measure?

A

RAM air through the Pitot tube compared to still air from the static port.

54
Q

What does the altimeter measure?

A

Pressure from the static port based on the altimeter setting.

55
Q

How is the VSI similar to the altimeter?

A

Both measure pressure but VSI has a calibrated leak for instantaneous change.

56
Q

What are gyroscopics used for in aviation instruments?

A

Heading and attitude indicators.

57
Q

How do gyroscopic instruments operate?

A

They are operated on a vacuum pump to crank the needles.

58
Q

What does the heading indicator use for its function?

A

A rigid in-space gyroscope.

59
Q

What does the turn coordinator sense?

A

Rate of roll and turn.

60
Q

What principle does the turn coordinator operate on?

A

Precession.

61
Q

What does the inclinometer depict?

A

Yaw.

62
Q

How does the altimeter operate?

A

It uses rigidity in space and can fail during aerobatics.

63
Q

What technology do glass displays use for instrument readings?

A

Magnetometer and outside air temperature probe.

64
Q

What system replaces the Pitot-static system in modern aircraft?

A

Air Data Computer.

65
Q

What system replaces gyroscopics in modern aviation?

A

Attitude Heading Reference System.

66
Q

What is the function of magnetos in an aircraft?

A

Small generators that power spark plugs

Each magneto connects to four spark plugs.

67
Q

What is the purpose of a propeller in an aircraft?

A

Produces thrust through two rotating wings

68
Q

What are the two kinds of propellers?

A

Fixed and adjustable

Fixed propellers do not move and are better for either climb or cruise.

69
Q

What is an adjustable propeller?

A

A propeller that can move, efficient for both climb and cruise

70
Q

What are the components of the electrical system in an aircraft?

A

Alternator, battery, electrical system

The alternator powers the battery, which in turn powers the electrical system.

71
Q

What is the voltage of the electrical system in the aircraft?

A

28 V system

72
Q

What is the voltage of the battery in the aircraft?

A

24 V battery

73
Q

What is the amperage rating of the alternator in the aircraft?

A

70 Amp alternator

74
Q

What is the first step in the startup process of an aircraft?

A

Battery power started

75
Q

What does the starter do in the startup process?

A

Rotates the flywheel, which rotates the crankshaft

76
Q

What happens after the crankshaft rotates in the startup process?

A

Crankshaft rotates magnetos

77
Q

What is the purpose of oil in an aircraft engine?

A

Lubricates and cleans the engine

78
Q

What type of oil system does the Archer use?

A

Wet sump

79
Q

What should be checked before flight regarding oil?

A

Check oil with dipstick

80
Q

What happens if there is a loss of pressure and temperature gauges?

A

Emergency situation

81
Q

What are the advantages of fuel injection in an aircraft?

A

No carb ice, better fuel flow

However, it can be harder to start hot and vapor lock is possible.

ATP Elevate Notes (6 decks)

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