Aircraft Systems and Construction (DA40) Flashcards
Powerplant
Lycoming IO-360-MIA
Air cooled, 4 cylinder, 4 stroke engine, horizontally opposed, direct drive engine with fuel injection and under slung exhaust (naturally aspirated)
361in^3 of displacement
If at sea level at ISA and 2700 RPM
Max HP: 180
Max continuous HP: 160
Describe the ignition process
Battery powers the starter
Starter turns the crankshaft
Crankshaft spins the mags (2)
Mags generate electricity
Electricity sparks the plugs (8)
Engine starts
What are the 4 strokes of an engine
Intake
Compression
Ignition
Exhaust
No drop/excessive drop on the mag check
No drop: mag isn’t grounding (open ground)(if you’re checking the R mag, the L mag didn’t ground)
Excessive drop: wires, *plugs, mag, power flow exhaust
Fuel system
Capacity
Long range: 50 gallons (1 unusable so 51 total)
Standard: 40 gallons (1 unusable so 41 total)
Max permissible fuel imbalance
Long range: 8 gallons
Standard: 10 gallons
100 avgas and 100 LL (blue)
Fuel vents allow for the proper flow of fuel (prevent a vacuum)
Electrical system
Alternator (70 amps and 28 volts) generates electricity (DC power through a rectifyer)
Stored in the battery (10 amp hours and 24 volts)
Delivered via bus (avionics, main, essential) and wires
Consumers use the power
Fuses/circuit breakers protect the system
Essential bus vs emergency switch
Essential: 30 mins approximately, isolates the essential bus consumers
Emergency: 90 mins w/ flood light ON, powers floodlight and back up attitude indicator
Must be inspected every 12 calendar months and replaced after 1 hour of cumulative usage or within one half of the battery life
121.5 (emergency frequency)
Constant speed propeller
Operated hydraulically via the prop governor
Pilot lever
Threaded shaft
Speeder spring
Fly weights
Pilot valve
Coarse vs fine pitch
Gear pump
Landing gear
Free castoring nose wheel with an elastomer package
Steel sprung struts on the main gear
Hydraulically operated disk breaks, actuated via the toe pedals
Aircraft and airframe material and construction
Fuselage: GFRP/CFRP of semi-monocoque construction
Wings: GFRP/CFRP of sandwich construction (twin spar wings with a fuel tank within each wing)
Empennage: ‘T’ tail is GFRP of semi-monocoque construction
Flight controls material and construction
Ailerons: Operated through control rods and actuated via the stick, GFRP/CFRP of composite sandwich construction
Flaps: Operated through the switch in the cockpit and actuated electrically, GFRP/CFRP of composite sandwich construction
Elevator: Operated through control rods and actuated via the stick, GFRP of sandwich construction
Rudder: Operated via by the foot pedals and actuated via the control cables, GFRP sandwich
Define ‘monocoque’ and ‘semi-monocoque,’ as well as ‘sandwich’ and ‘composite-sandwich’ construction
Monocoque: load is supported by the skin
Semi-monocoque: load is supported by both conventional means as well as the skin
Sandwich: two or more composites bonded together
Composite-sandwich: two thin but stiff skins attached to a lightweight but thick core
DA40 flaps
Plain flaps with a small portion of split flaps (attached to the fuselage)
DA40 ailerons
Differential ailerons (one aileron is raised a greater distance than the other is lowered (adverse yaw))
Small portion frise ailerons (paddle) (adverse yaw)
Detonation vs pre-ignition
Detonation: fuel air mixture explodes instead of burning smoothly, generally caused by using a lower than recommended grade of fuel, using a too lean mixture, too steep of a climb with too lean of a mixture, etc.
Pre-ignition: the fuel air mixture ignites prematurely, generally caused by fouled spark plugs/hotspots
