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Transport Canada Private Pilot's License Test > Aircraft Performance (Cessna 172N) > Flashcards

Aircraft Performance (Cessna 172N) Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of engine does your aircraft have?

A

A single normally aspirated, air-cooled, horizontally opposing 4 cylinder engine outputting 160BHP at 2700RPM.

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2
Q

What type of fuel and oil does your aircraft use?

A

100 low-lead (blue) or 100 (green), oil is MIL-L-6082.

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3
Q

What is the total usable/unusable fuel?

A

40 usable gallons or 50 usable gallons if long range tanks are installed.

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4
Q

If the fuel vent became blocked, what could happen?

A

Fuel starvation could occur leading to engine failure.

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5
Q

What is the minimum and maximum oil capacity?

A

A minimum of 4 quartz of oil and a maximum of 6 quartz of oil.

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6
Q

Does the aircraft have a fuel pump?

A

No fuel pump installed, fuel flows by gravity through a four position selection valve which then flows through a strainer going to the carburetor.

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7
Q

How does the ammeter work?

A

When towards ‘-‘, it indicates the battery is being discharged, when towards ‘+’ it indicates the battery is being charged, when it indicates ‘0’ the battery is fully charged and not being charged by the alternator. Should the ammeter be fully deflected towards ‘+’ this could indicate the battery is being overcharged and an over-voltage problem.

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8
Q

What does the red voltage light indicate?

A

Either an overcharging situation or an undercharging situation, the ammeter will indicate which of these conditions exists.

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9
Q

If you have total electrical failure in flight, how will it affect the magnetos?

A

No affect as they are run off the crankshaft of the engine.

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10
Q

In the event the ammeter was deflected right towards ‘+’ and the voltage light was illuminated, how would this situation be handled?

A
  • Turn the master switch off (both sides) and on again

- Should the light remain illuminated the flight should be terminated as soon as possible.

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11
Q

In the event the ammeter was deflected left towards ‘-‘, how would this situation be handled?

A
  • Turn the alternator off
  • Switch off all non-essential electrical equipment
  • Terminate flight ASAP
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12
Q

What type of flaps does your aircraft have?

A

Single slotted flaps.

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13
Q

What type of ailerons does your aircraft have?

A

Frise ailerons.

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14
Q

Does your aircraft utilize an elevator, stabilator or anti-servo tab?

A

Elevator.

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15
Q

Does the trim tab move in the same direction as the elevator, stabilator or anti-servo tab?

A
  • Elevator: No
  • Stabilator: No
  • Anti-servo tab: Yes
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16
Q

Name the pitot static instruments

A
  • VSI
  • Altimeter
  • Airspeed Indicator
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17
Q

Which pitot static instruments utilize the pitot tube?

A

The airspeed indicator.

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18
Q

How will the airspeed indicator react to pitot tube blockage?

A

Climbing, the airspeed indicator will read higher, descending, the airpseed indicator will read lower.
This is caused by the pressure in the pitot system remaining constant when the atmospheric pressure (and static pressure) are decreasing. In reverse, the airspeed indicator will show a decrease in airspeed when the aircraft descends.

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19
Q

How will the airspeed indicator react to static port blockage?

A

Climbing, the airspeed indicator will read lower, descending, the airspeed indicate will read higher. This is caused as the ram air from the pitot tube expands less against the static pressure in the instrument, conversely it will read higher during a descent as the ram air from the pitot tube expands more against the static pressure of the instrument.

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20
Q

How will the altimeter and VSI react to static port blockage?

A

They would simply freeze. The capsule pressure in the altimeter would remain constant against the static pressure and the calibrated leak in the VSI would remain constant against the static pressure thus freezing both instruments.

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21
Q

Name the gyro instruments

A
  • Attitude Indicator
  • Heading Indicator
  • Turn Coordinator
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22
Q

How are the gyro instruments powered?

A

They can be electrically driven or vacuum driven depending on the aircraft.

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23
Q

How do you know if the info from the gyro instruments is reliable?

A
  • Instrument check during taxi
  • Suction gauge is green
  • No ‘Flags’
  • Attitude Indicator should be reading accurate within 5 minutes of startup
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24
Q

What are the sources of error in the heading indicator?

A
  • Bearing friction in the gyroscope

- Earth’s rotation

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25
Q

How often must the heading indicator be set?

A

Every 15 minutes and can only be set in straight and unaccelerated flight.

26
Q

How does the inclinometer work (steel ball and liquid part in turn coordinator)?

A

The inclinometer works simply by gravity.

27
Q

Does the turn coordinator indicate the amount of bank?

A

Does not indicate the amount of bank, it does show the rate of turn.

28
Q

How do you lean for best economy cruise?

A

Found by leaning the mixture to a point a little after where the tachometer indicates max RPM for the set power setting.

29
Q

How do you lean the mixture for best power?

A

Leaning the mixture to a point where the tachometer indicates max RPM for a set power setting.

30
Q

What is the danger of running the engine too lean?

A

Overheating and detonation.

31
Q

When carb heat is applied, when do you get a decrease in performance?

A

Immediately as the engine is being supplied with warmer less dense air.

32
Q

How would you know if you had carb icing?

A

Engine would start losing power, the tachometer would indicate an RPM decrease and the engine may start to run rough.

33
Q

In flight you notice a drop in oil pressure and increasing oil temperature, what can you expect?

A

Imminent engine failure.

34
Q

Define the following speeds for your aircraft:

  • Vx
  • Vy
  • Vs
  • Vso
  • Va
  • Best glide
A
  • Vx: 60kt
  • Vy: 70kt
  • Vs: 50kt
  • Vso: 44kt (landing configuration stall speed)
  • Va: 97kt
  • Best glide: 65kt
35
Q

What is Va?

A

Maneuvering speed, it is the maximum speed where the airplane is not over-stressed at full deflection of control surfaces.

36
Q

What happens to the Va with an increase in weight?

A

Increases as the aircraft will stall before sustaining structural damage.

37
Q

What is the Vno speed for your aircraft?

A

Maximum normal operating speed (Vno), is 128kt.

38
Q

What is Vfe?

A

Maximum flaps extended speed, for the Cessna 172N it is 85kt.

39
Q

What is Vne?

A

Never exceed speed, this is 160kt in a Cessna 172N.

40
Q

How does weight affect stall speed?

A

An increase in weight increases stall speed. A higher AoA is required to maintain level flight with more weight putting the aircraft nearer the critical AoA.

41
Q

How does bank affect stall speed?

A

An increase in bank increases the stall speed as a greater AoA is needed in a bank to maintain level flight.

42
Q

In a climbing turn which wing will stall first?

A

Higher wing will stall first as the aileron deflection used in the turn will increase the wings AoA.

43
Q

In a descending turn which wing will stall first?

A

Lower wing will stall first as it is traveling slower than the higher, outside, wing.

44
Q

Why is aileron not used for wing drop during a stall?

A

Ailerons will not be effective during a stall and trying to use them will further the stall condition.

45
Q

What is the maximum cross-wind component?

A

The maximum cross-wind component is not a limitation but what the aircraft was tested to. In a Cessna 172N it’s 15kts cross-wind.

46
Q

What is the significance of the speed that provides the best to drag ratio?

A

This is the aircraft’s best glide speed.

47
Q

What is the difference between a forward slip and a side slip?

A

A forward slip, the longitudinal axis of the aircraft is not aligned with runway center line. A side slip, the longitudinal axis of the aircraft aligned with the runway center line.

48
Q

In a side slip does the ASI over-read or under-read?

A

Depends on which side of the aircraft the ASI is, regardless, the ASI loses accuracy and a slightly higher approach speed should be used to prevent an inadvertent stall.

49
Q

Why are flaps retracted during a short-field landing during the ground roll?

A

Increases the weight on the wheels thus increasing braking action.

50
Q

At what altitude must you recover from a spin?

A

At least 2000 feet AGL after spin recovery.

51
Q

How do you recover from a spin?

A
  • Reduce throttle to idle
  • Engage full opposite rudder to the direction of the spin
  • Move nose down, engage full down elevator if necessary
  • Hold rudder and elevator inputs until rotation stops
  • Level aircraft and set neutral ailerons
  • Climb from resulting dive
52
Q

Can you spin the aircraft if it’s in the normal category?

A

No, in disregarding this you invalidate the airworthiness certificate.

53
Q

What is the danger of having flaps down during a spin?

A

Flaps induce a flatter spin making recovery more difficult, during the recovery Vfe will be exceeded.

54
Q

What is the significance of the yellow arc on the airspeed indicator?

A

Maneuvers must be conducted with caution in smooth air only, maximum normal operating speed (Vno) has been exceeded.

55
Q

During run-up you discover the oil pressure gauge is inoperative, can the flight be continued?

A

The flight cannot continue per day VFR requirements.

56
Q

Describe the aircraft’s electrical system.

A

Energy supplied by a 14 volt DC system, powered by an engine-driven 60-amp alternator. Battery is a 12 volt 25 amp hour. Power is supplied through a split bus bar, one bus connecting electronic systems (radio, transponder, etc.) and the other having general electronics (lights, flap motors, etc.).

57
Q

Describe the aircraft’s fuel system.

A

Two fuel tanks, sharing one vent, that converge through a fuel selector valve. From the valve the fuel runs through a fuel strainer after which the line splits, one runs to the engine primer, the other to the carburetor.

58
Q

Describe the braking system.

A

Both wheels have a single-disk hydraulically actuated brake, the brakes are activated by a dedicated master cylinder for each brake. The master cylinders are engaged by using the left and/or right brake pedals.

59
Q

What happens to the alternator when the over-voltage light illuminates?

A

The over-voltage sensor has been tripped thus removing field current from the alternator effectively running all electrical systems off battery power.

60
Q

What is the difference between the magneto and alternator?

A

The magnetos power the spark plugs, the alternator powers the electronics. Both are run off the engine crankshaft.

Transport Canada Private Pilot's License Test (5 decks)

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