Aircraft Limitations Flashcards
Types of Operations
VFR
IFR
Icing Conditions
CAT I and II
RVSM
RNP
Extended Overwater EOW
LR Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW)
85,870 lbs
LR Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW)
85,517 lbs
LR Maximum Landing Weight (MLW)
74,957 lbs
LR Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW)
69,886 lbs
Minimum Flight Crew
Pilot and Copliot
Max Takeoff and Landing Tailwind Component
10 knots
Max Runway Slope
+/-2%
Runway Surface Type
Paved
Flap Maneuvering Load Acceleration Limit - Flaps Up
-1.0 G to +2.5 G
Flap Maneuvering Load Acceleration Limit - Flaps Down
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Full)
0.0 G to +2.0 G
Max Operating Altitude
41,000’
Max Takeoff and Landing Altitude
10,000’
Min Takeoff and Landing Altitude
-1,000’
Max Ambient Air Temperature for takeoff, landing and ground starts (decreases with altitude)
52 degrees C
Max Flap Extension Altitude
20,000’
Max Latitude for Stationary Alignment
78.25 degrees North
78.25 degrees South
Minimum Takeoff Temperature / Landing Below __ degrees C, you may not takeoff without further maintenance inspection
-40 degrees C SAT
Minimum Ambient Temperature for Operation on Ground
-54 degrees C
Temperature Compensation Baro-VNAV Operation Must Be:
- Coordinated with ATC
- Used for operation outside the temperature limits published the approach procedure
Max Operating Airspeed Abbreviation
Vmo
Max Operating Mach Number Mmo
.82M
Maximum Airspeed for RAT Operation
Vmo / Mmo
Max Windshield Wiper Operation Speed
253 KIAS
Max Gear Extension Speed Vloe
250 KIAS
Max Gear Extended Speed (Vle)
250 KIAS
Max Gear Retraction Speed (Vlor)
250 KIAS
Flaps 1
230 KIAS
Flaps 2
215 KIAS
Flaps 3
200 KIAS
Flaps 4
180 KIAS
Flaps 5
180 KIAS
Flaps Full
165 KIAS
Max Operating Speed Up to 8,000’
300 KIAS
Max Operating Speed 8,000’-10,000’
300 to 320 KIAS Increases Linearly
Max Operating Airspeed 10,000’ - FL290
320 KIAS Vmo
Max Operating Airspeed FL290 - FL410
.82M Mmo
Define Icing Conditions
OAT on the ground or TAT inflight is 10 degrees C or less with visible moisture in any form
Maximum Fuel Capacity
20,935 lbs Total
Unusable Fuel Quantity per Tank
75 lbs
Maximum Fuel Imbalance
794 lbs
Minimum Fuel Tank Temperature
-37 degrees C
Crossfeed Operation Limitation
Must be OFF for takeoff and landing
Max Differential Pressure
8.4 PSI
Max Differential Overpressure
8.8 PSI
Max Differential Negative Pressure
-0.5 PSI
Max Differential Pressure for Takeoff and Landing
0.2 PSI
Max Altitude for Single Pack Operation
FL310
Brake Temperature Limitation
Do not takeoff with brake temperatures in the amber
Thrust Reverser Limitations
DIMPFNG
Do not attempt a go-around (after deployment)
Idle thrust by 30 KIAS (translating cowl closed)
Min reverse thrust by 60 KIAS (translating cowl open)
Power back prohibited
Full Stop Landings
Not Authorized while Taxiing
Ground Use Only
Autopilot Minimum Engagement Height (Takeoff) per AFM
400’AGL per AFM (1,000’ per Mesa CFM)
Engine Model
CF34-8E5
Engine Takeoff/TOGA Thrust Time Limit
Time limited to 5min with all engines operative. This limit is extended to 10min with one engine inoperative for airplanes with Post-Mod 17073-0002 (which we have) or equipped with an equivalent modification factory incorporated.
Engine Start ITT Limitations (Min and Max)
Min: None, Max: 815deg C
EICAS Red Markings
Max and Min Limitations
EICAS Amber Markings
Caution Range
EICAS Green Markings
Normal Operating Range
FLEX Takeoff Reduction Limitaion
Must not exceed 25% full takeoff thrust
Can FLEX Takeoff be used on Contaminated Runways?
No. The FAA defines that a runway is contaminated whenever standing water, ice, snow, slush, frost in any form, heavy rubber or other substances are present. So “Good to Medium” reported.
ATTCS (Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System) (selects RSV power for engine failures based on system logic)
Must be ON for all takeoffs and landings
Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limits - On Ground
Attempt 1,2: 90 sec ON / 10 sec OFF
Attempt 3,4,5: 90 sec ON / 5min OFF
For ground starts the max cumulative starter run time per start attempt is 90sec
Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limits - In Flight
Attempt 1-2: 120 sec ON / 10 sec OFF
Attempt 3-5: 120sec ON / 5min OFF
Dry Motoring Duty Cycle Limits (used to remove heat and fuel that was introduced but not ignited - only use for hot starts)
Attempt 1: 90 sec ON / 5 min OFF
Attempt 2-5: 30 sec ON / 5 min OFF
After 5, the cycle can be repeated after 15min
So in a scenario, you would attempt an engine start for 90sec ON, then 10sec OFF after it didn’t start. Then, if it is a hot start, you would dry motor the engine for 90sec ON max (QRH calls for 30sec), followed by 5min off. Then you could try starting the engine again on attempt 2 for 90sec ON, 10sec OFF. If you have to dry motor again, you will be on dry motoring attempt 2 so 30sec ON, 5min off. Then attempt an engine start for the 3rd time so then 90sec ON, 5min off. Maintenance must be called if the third attempt doesn’t work per the CFM.
For HOT Starts, the FADEC commands an automatic abort when ITT is 10°C lower than the engine hot start limit. This will prevent ENG EXCEEDANCE EICAS message to be displayed. In this case, two additional engine starts are allowed without any cause investigation.
If both the following conditions occur, only one additional engine start is allowed:
a. Engine start is manually aborted due to no ITT indication 15 seconds after fuel is reapplied, and
b. “ENG 1(2) NO DISPATCH” or “ENG 1(2) SHORT DISPATCH” EICAS messages are not displayed.
APU Starter Duty Cycle Limits
Attempt 1,2: 1min ON / 1min OFF
Attempt 3: 1min ON / 5min OFF
(The 1min ON shutoff function is automatically provided by the APU FADEC)
APU Start Min Temperature
-54 degrees C
APU Start Max Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (52deg C on the ground)
APU Start Max Altitude
30,000’
APU Operation Min Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (-54 deg C on the ground)
APU Operational Max Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (52deg C)
APU Operation Max Altitude
33,000’
APU Operation Max Electrical Gen Altitude
33,000’
APU Operational Max Bleed Altitude
15,000’
APU Operation Max Altitude to Assist Engine Start
21,000’
Is there an automatic in-flight shutdown if the APU EGT exceeds limits?
No
At what speed are the TAS, TAT, and SAT valid?
Above 60 KIAS
When is the standby magnetic compass not valid?
While transmitting on VHF #1
What kind of minimums must be used for all CAT I approaches?
Baro Minimums
Are pilots advised to deviate from their current ATC clearance to the extent necessary to comply with a RA?
Yes
Can you fly a LOC Back Course approach using IESS?
No
How many lbs of fuel are used for taxi?
About how many gallons is this?
353 lbs
~52 Gallons
How many lbs are a Gallon of Jet Fuel
6.8 lbs per Gallon
Is unusable fuel included in the Maximum Zero Fuel Weight?
Yes