Aircraft Limitations Flashcards
Types of Operations
VFR
IFR
Icing Conditions
CAT I and II
RVSM
RNP
Extended Overwater EOW
LR Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW)
85,870 lbs
LR Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW)
85,517 lbs
LR Maximum Landing Weight (MLW)
74,957 lbs
LR Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW)
69,886 lbs
Minimum Flight Crew
Pilot and Copliot
Max Takeoff and Landing Tailwind Component
10 knots
Max Runway Slope
+/-2%
Runway Surface Type
Paved
Flap Maneuvering Load Acceleration Limit - Flaps Up
-1.0 G to +2.5 G
Flap Maneuvering Load Acceleration Limit - Flaps Down
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Full)
0.0 G to +2.0 G
Max Operating Altitude
41,000’
Max Takeoff and Landing Altitude
10,000’
Min Takeoff and Landing Altitude
-1,000’
Max Ambient Air Temperature for takeoff, landing and ground starts (decreases with altitude)
52 degrees C
Max Flap Extension Altitude
20,000’
Max Latitude for Stationary Alignment
78.25 degrees North
78.25 degrees South
Minimum Takeoff Temperature / Landing Below __ degrees C, you may not takeoff without further maintenance inspection
-40 degrees C SAT
Minimum Ambient Temperature for Operation on Ground
-54 degrees C
Temperature Compensation Baro-VNAV Operation Must Be:
- Coordinated with ATC
- Used for operation outside the temperature limits published the approach procedure
Max Operating Airspeed Abbreviation
Vmo
Max Operating Mach Number Mmo
.82M
Maximum Airspeed for RAT Operation
Vmo / Mmo
Max Windshield Wiper Operation Speed
253 KIAS
Max Gear Extension Speed Vloe
250 KIAS
Max Gear Extended Speed (Vle)
250 KIAS
Max Gear Retraction Speed (Vlor)
250 KIAS
Flaps 1
230 KIAS
Flaps 2
215 KIAS
Flaps 3
200 KIAS
Flaps 4
180 KIAS
Flaps 5
180 KIAS
Flaps Full
165 KIAS
Max Operating Speed Up to 8,000’
300 KIAS
Max Operating Speed 8,000’-10,000’
300 to 320 KIAS Increases Linearly
Max Operating Airspeed 10,000’ - FL290
320 KIAS Vmo
Max Operating Airspeed FL290 - FL410
.82M Mmo
Define Icing Conditions
OAT on the ground or TAT inflight is 10 degrees C or less with visible moisture in any form
Maximum Fuel Capacity
20,935 lbs Total
Unusable Fuel Quantity per Tank
75 lbs
Maximum Fuel Imbalance
794 lbs
Minimum Fuel Tank Temperature
-37 degrees C
Crossfeed Operation Limitation
Must be OFF for takeoff and landing
Max Differential Pressure
8.4 PSI
Max Differential Overpressure
8.8 PSI
Max Differential Negative Pressure
-0.5 PSI
Max Differential Pressure for Takeoff and Landing
0.2 PSI
Max Altitude for Single Pack Operation
FL310
Brake Temperature Limitation
Do not takeoff with brake temperatures in the amber
Thrust Reverser Limitations
DIMPFNG
Do not attempt a go-around (after deployment)
Idle thrust by 30 KIAS (translating cowl closed)
Min reverse thrust by 60 KIAS (translating cowl open)
Power back prohibited
Full Stop Landings
Not Authorized while Taxiing
Ground Use Only
Autopilot Minimum Engagement Height (Takeoff) per AFM
400’AGL per AFM (1,000’ per Mesa CFM)
Engine Model
CF34-8E5
Engine Takeoff/TOGA Thrust Time Limit
Time limited to 5min with all engines operative. This limit is extended to 10min with one engine inoperative for airplanes with Post-Mod 17073-0002 (which we have) or equipped with an equivalent modification factory incorporated.
Engine Start ITT Limitations (Min and Max)
Min: None, Max: 815deg C
EICAS Red Markings
Max and Min Limitations
EICAS Amber Markings
Caution Range
EICAS Green Markings
Normal Operating Range
FLEX Takeoff Reduction Limitaion
Must not exceed 25% full takeoff thrust
Can FLEX Takeoff be used on Contaminated Runways?
No. The FAA defines that a runway is contaminated whenever standing water, ice, snow, slush, frost in any form, heavy rubber or other substances are present. So “Good to Medium” reported.
ATTCS (Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System) (selects RSV power for engine failures based on system logic)
Must be ON for all takeoffs and landings
Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limits - On Ground
Attempt 1,2: 90 sec ON / 10 sec OFF
Attempt 3,4,5: 90 sec ON / 5min OFF
For ground starts the max cumulative starter run time per start attempt is 90sec
Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limits - In Flight
Attempt 1-2: 120 sec ON / 10 sec OFF
Attempt 3-5: 120sec ON / 5min OFF
Dry Motoring Duty Cycle Limits (used to remove heat and fuel that was introduced but not ignited - only use for hot starts)
Attempt 1: 90 sec ON / 5 min OFF
Attempt 2-5: 30 sec ON / 5 min OFF
After 5, the cycle can be repeated after 15min
So in a scenario, you would attempt an engine start for 90sec ON, then 10sec OFF after it didn’t start. Then, if it is a hot start, you would dry motor the engine for 90sec ON max (QRH calls for 30sec), followed by 5min off. Then you could try starting the engine again on attempt 2 for 90sec ON, 10sec OFF. If you have to dry motor again, you will be on dry motoring attempt 2 so 30sec ON, 5min off. Then attempt an engine start for the 3rd time so then 90sec ON, 5min off. Maintenance must be called if the third attempt doesn’t work per the CFM.
For HOT Starts, the FADEC commands an automatic abort when ITT is 10°C lower than the engine hot start limit. This will prevent ENG EXCEEDANCE EICAS message to be displayed. In this case, two additional engine starts are allowed without any cause investigation.
If both the following conditions occur, only one additional engine start is allowed:
a. Engine start is manually aborted due to no ITT indication 15 seconds after fuel is reapplied, and
b. “ENG 1(2) NO DISPATCH” or “ENG 1(2) SHORT DISPATCH” EICAS messages are not displayed.
APU Starter Duty Cycle Limits
Attempt 1,2: 1min ON / 1min OFF
Attempt 3: 1min ON / 5min OFF
(The 1min ON shutoff function is automatically provided by the APU FADEC)
APU Start Min Temperature
-54 degrees C
APU Start Max Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (52deg C on the ground)
APU Start Max Altitude
30,000’
APU Operation Min Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (-54 deg C on the ground)
APU Operational Max Temperature
APU Temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope temperature (52deg C)
APU Operation Max Altitude
33,000’
APU Operation Max Electrical Gen Altitude
33,000’
APU Operational Max Bleed Altitude
15,000’
APU Operation Max Altitude to Assist Engine Start
21,000’
Is there an automatic in-flight shutdown if the APU EGT exceeds limits?
No
At what speed are the TAS, TAT, and SAT valid?
Above 60 KIAS
When is the standby magnetic compass not valid?
While transmitting on VHF #1
What kind of minimums must be used for all CAT I approaches?
Baro Minimums
Are pilots advised to deviate from their current ATC clearance to the extent necessary to comply with a RA?
Yes
Can you fly a LOC Back Course approach using IESS?
No
How many lbs of fuel are used for taxi?
About how many gallons is this?
353 lbs
~52 Gallons
How many lbs are a Gallon of Jet Fuel
6.8 lbs per Gallon
Is unusable fuel included in the Maximum Zero Fuel Weight?
Yes
What is the purpose of the MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel Weight?
Structural Limitation
Wings are subjected to upward bending stress that is counteracted by the weight of the fuel
If the fuel level becomes low and the aircraft weight is high, the wings may be subject to too much lift production
This could result in the wings becoming over-stressed in flight
Max Fuel Capacity Per Tank
10,392.5 lbs per Tank (doesn’t include unusable fuel)
Minimum Engagement Height (Takeoff) per GOM
1,000’AGL per GOM
Minimum Use Height (Coupled ILS Approach)
50’AGL
Fwd baggage compartment capacity
3,306lbs
AFT baggage compartment capacity
2,535 lbs
Max alt for flaps extended
20,000’
Max speed to open the direct vision window
160KIAS
Max crosswind takeoff on dry runway
38kts
Max crosswind takeoff on wet runway
31kts
Max crosswind takeoff on rwy with compacted snow
20kts
Max crosswind takeoff on rwy with standing water/slush/wet snow/dry snow
18kts
Max crosswind takeoff on rwy with ice/wet ice
12kts
Due to compressor stall possibility, static takeoff is not recommended with crosswinds greater than
25kts
What fuel weight was used for the fuel capacity info in the CFM
6.767 lbs/gal
What is the maximum thrust with brakes applied?
60% N1
What is the N1 limit?
99.5%
What is the N2 min and max limit?
58.5 - 99.4% N2
What is the max ITT for TOGA thrust? Is there a time limit?
990 deg C limited to 5min
or 10min with one engine inop (we have the Postmod)
can be exceeded up to 1006 deg C during first 2 min
Max Continuous Thrust (CON) ITT limit
960deg C
(Max Continuous Thrust CON is the highest thrust that does not require maintenance to inspect the engine earlier than planned. It is used in emergency situations and is 12,800lbs. The highest possible thrust is TO-1 RSV or GA RSV, RSV meaning that ATTCS is activated. TO-1 RSV and GA RSV produce 14,200lbs of thrust or 13,000lbs SE)
Engine Oil Pressure Min and Max Limits
25psi - 95psi
Max Continuous (engine) Oil Temperature
155deg C
(Max Continuous Thrust CON is the highest thrust that does not require maintenance to inspect the engine earlier than planned. (Up to the red line) It is used in emergency situations and is 12,800lbs. The highest possible thrust is TO-1 RSV or GA RSV, RSV meaning that ATTCS is activated. TO-1 RSV and GA RSV produce 14,200lbs of thrust or 13,000lbs SE)
Max Transient Oil Temperature
above 155deg C (max continuous) is limited to 15min up to 163deg C (max transient oil temp)
(Max Continuous Thrust CON is the highest thrust that does not require maintenance to inspect the engine earlier than planned. (N1 to the red line) It is used in emergency situations and is 12,800lbs. The highest possible thrust is TO-1 RSV or GA RSV, RSV meaning that ATTCS is activated. TO-1 RSV and GA RSV produce 14,200lbs of thrust or 13,000lbs SE) So Max Transient must be RSV thrust.
When must the TO DATSET MENU on the MCDU be set to ENG
when OAT is 5-10deg C and there is a possibility of encountering moisture up to 1,700’ AFE or water/snow/ice on airport surfaces
When must the TO DATASET MENU on the MCDU be set to ALL?
when OAT is below 5deg C and there is a possibility of encountering moisture up to 1,700’ AFE or water/snow/ice on airport surfaces
Autopilot minimum use height per AFM
50’
What flap setting must be used for a CAT II approach?
flaps 5
What is the demonstrated headwind component for CAT II?
25kts
What is the demonstrated tailwind component for CAT II?
10kts
What is the demonstrated crosswind component for CAT II?
12kts
What kind of FMS do we have?
Honeywell Primus Epic II
What equipment is required for RVSM operations?
1 autopilot, altitude alerting system, 2 transponders (1 must be operational), 2 ADCs (both operational)
Aircraft Wingspan
93’ 11”
Tail Height
32’ 4”
Aircraft Length
103’ 11”
Max Ambient Air Temp for Takeoff and Landing
52 deg C
What is the minimum oxygen required for dispatch? Max, Green, Blue, Amber
Max - 1664psi
Green for 3 - 1150psi
Blue for 2 - 842psi
Amber - No Dispatch
Fuel Tanks Red
660lbs
Fuel Tanks Amber
1320lbs
180 Degree Turn Radius (Wheel to Wingtip)
57’ 10”
180 Degree Turn Tail Clearance (Wheel to Tail)
57’ 3”
Pavement Required for 180 Degree Turn (Min Rwy Length)
59’ 2”
Max Fuel Capacity
20,935lbs
Useable fuel per side
10392.5lbs
Unusable Fuel per side
75lbs
What is max thrust limited to?
14,200lbs for SE or 13,000 with both engines
LL MRW, MTOW, MLW, MZFW
MRW 85,450 (420lbs less)
MTOW 85,098 (419lbs less)
MLW 74,957 (same)
MZFW 69,467 (419lbs less)
APU Amber range (no time operating limit in amber in flight or on the ground)
662-717deg C
5G Limitation - autothrottles
For all approaches in VMC or IMC, the Auto -Throttles will be turned off by 500ft AGL
5G Abnormal EICAS Messages on Takeoff
On takeoff above 80 knots or on landing below 60 knots, messages may appear that are normally inhibited. Some of these messages are related to hydraulic and brakes failure.
If Caution and/or Advisory messages are displayed above 80 KIAS, continue the takeoff, except for ENG 1 (2) FAIL Caution messages up to V1.
How could 5G affect TCAS?
During normal operation, TCAS will switch to TA only mode below 900ft during descent and 1000ft during climb. This operation could be affected by 5G interference where an RA descent could occur below 900ft.
What is the APU oil capacity?
4.12 Quarts
Maximum Tire Ground Speed
195
What fuel weight are the fuel limits based on?
6.75lbs/gal
Max N1 with brakes applied
60%
Is there a temperature limitation for anti-icing system AUTO operation?
No
Can the aircraft be operated within the north and south magnetic polar cut-out regions?
Yes. The airplanes may be operated within the North and South magnetic polar cut- out regions specified in the “North and South Magnetic Polar Cut-Out Regions” table below, but IRS magnetic Heading and track angle magnetic data will not be available.
Whenever operating within North or South magnetic polar cut-out regions, current airplane Heading must be referenced to true Heading, if not already selected. Otherwise, the Heading Failure Indication flag will be displayed.
See table for latitude longitude coordinates.
This is not the same as maximum latitude for stationary alignment.
Minimum Equipment Required for CAT II
- Two Inertial Reference Systems.
- Two Flight Director Systems.
- Two Primary Flight Displays (PFD).
- Windshield Wipers.
- Two VOR/ILS NAV System.
- One VHF/COMM System.
- Cat II Engagement Logic.
- One Radio Altimeter.
- One Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS).
- Two Air Data System (ADS).
- One Autopilot System Channel.
- Rudder in Normal Mode.
- SPOILER FAULT message not presented.
What flap setting must be used with CAT II?
Flap 5 Only
What is the maximum ozone criteria?
The Maximum Ozone Criteria is the limiting altitude for every flight and does not depend on flight time.
What is the Time weighted average TWA ozone criteria?
The Time Weighted Average (TWA) Ozone Criteria tables do not represent the ceiling altitude, but the altitude above which the airplane should not fly for more than three continuous hours (14 CFR 25.832 (a)(2)). This means that the TWA ozone chart shall only be considered if both of the following conditions are met:
a. The airplane is flying in a latitude range at or above the minimum indicated in the table with an actual limitation (not a dash).
b. The flight will be conducted at or above FL270 in that latitude range for three or more hours.
C. If the latitude considered is in between the ones presented in the table, the altitude value may be interpolated. For calculation purposes, the dashes in the table should be considered the maximum altitude presented in the approved operational envelope (FL410).
D. For example, during flight on the west side of the longitude reference line (100°W) at any latitude above 45°N up to 50°N in January, the maximum flight level shall be limited to 407 (Maximum Ozone Criteria), but the airplane shall not be above flight level 338 for more than three hours (TWA Ozone Criteria).
The tables show altitude limitations calculated for constant ozone concentration and cabin stabilized at 8,000 ft. However, ozone tables shall still be considered regardless of the actual cabin altitude attained during a given flight.
What types of non-precision approaches does the FMS support?
a. GPS only (type III FAA overlay definition);
b. RNAV (including type II or type III FAA overlay definition);
c. VOR; VOR-based Approaches include FAA type II GPS overlays.
d. VOR-DME;
What non-precision GPS approach minima are supported by the FMS?
LNAV.
LNAV/VNAV.
RNP-APCH.
Can pilots conduct RNP AR or RNP RF Legs?
Mesa Airlines, Inc. does not have Operations Specifications authorization to conduct RNP AR or RNP RF Legs operations. Flight crews shall not conduct RNP AR operations until Operations Specifications approval is authorized.
When must an IRS be operational?
Operation above 72° 30.0’ north latitude and below 59° 30.0’ south latitude is prohibited due to unreliable magnetic Heading, unless at least one Inertial Reference System (IRS) is verified operational as a sensor to the FMS. In this case, the system will automatically switch to TRUE.
Can FMS Performance Management calculations be used for load planning or airplane range predictions?
* FMS performance management calculations have not been certified by the Airworthiness Authority. FMS performance management information is advisory information only, and may not be used as a basis for fuel load planning or airplane range predictions.*
What is required when inserting a hold on a waypoint through the FMS?
The use of the FMS default option (if presented) is required when inserting a hold on a waypoint.
The selection of a database defined hold option on the FMS select hold page is prohibited.
RVSM Tolerances
A. Total Vertical Error
Equal to, or greater than, +/- 300 ft. Vertical geometric difference between the actual pressure altitude flown by an aircraft and its assigned pressure altitudes.
B. Altimetry System Error
Equal to, or greater than, +/- 245 ft. Any system which is designed to automatically control the aircraft to a referenced pressure altitude.
C. Assigned Altitude Deviation
Equal to, or greater than, +/- 300 ft. Difference between the transponder Mode C altimeter and the assigned altitude/flight level.
RVSM Required Equipment
(1) Autopilot - Must be operational
Altitude Alerting System - Must be operational
(2) Altitude Reporting Transponders - One must be operational
(2) Air Data Computers (ADC) - Two must be operational
Flaps 1 Pitch
11deg
Flaps 2 pitch
10deg
Flaps 4 pitch
12deg
What is the demonstrated crosswind for takeoff and for landing? Is this considered limiting?
The maximum 90° crosswind component for which adequate control of the airplane during Takeoff and Landing was actually demonstrated during certification tests. The maximum demonstrated crosswind component for Takeoff (at 33 ft (10 meters) tower height) is 28 knots and is to be considered limiting. The maximum demonstrated crosswind component for Landing (at 33 ft (10 meters) tower height) is 30 knots and is to be considered limiting.
In high crosswind conditions, rudder effectiveness may be limited after Landing with maximum reverse thrust selected.
Per GOM can the takeoff, approach and landing wind components published as demonstrated, recommended or limiting be exceeded?
The takeoff, approach and landing wind components published in the appropriate aircraft CFMs and listed as demonstrated, recommended, or limiting will not be exceeded.
Do wind gusts affect the crosswind limitations?
No
APU Max Rotor Speed
108%
APU EGT for start
1032deg C
APU EGT for continuous operation
717deg C
In flight, will the APU shut down if the EGT limit is exceeded?
No.
Is there a time limitation for operating the APU on the ground or in flight in the amber range between 662deg and 717deg C?
No
What emergency equipment is located on the flight deck?
1 PBE
1 Halon Fire Extinguisher
2 Flashlights
3 Life Vests
3 Oxygen Masks
1 Crash Axe
2 Escape Ropes
1 Thermal Containment Gloves
The originating/receiving checklist requires logbook, forms and manuals to be checked. What are you looking for?
Name the 15 required manuals and docs
What emergency equipment is located in the LR cabin and where are they located?
FWD Lav (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (1/5) + 1 on flight deck
FWD FA Station (left):
- Life Vest (1/2)
- Flashlight (1/2)
- MRT Manual Release Tool (1/2)
Wardrobe (right):
- Thermal containment gloves and bag
FWD Galley Bulkhead (right):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (2/5)
- PBE Portable Breathing Equipment (1/3)
- POB Portable Oxygen Bottle (1/2)
- FAK First Aid Kit (1/2)
Row 1 Overhead Bin (left):
- Demo Equipment
- Seat Belt Extensions
- Extra Passenger Briefing Safety Information Cards
Row 23 Overhead Bin (left):
- Portable ELT
Row 24 Overhead Bin (left):
- AED Automated External Defibrillator
- EEMK Enhanced Emergency Medical Kit
- 8 Infant Life Vests
Doghouse (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (3/5)
- PBE (2/3)
- POB (2/2)
- FAK (2/2)
AFT FA Station (left):
- Life Vest (2/2)
- Flashlight (2/2)
- MRT (2/2)
AFT Lav (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (4/5)
Doghouse (right):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (5/5)
- PBE (3/3)
- Water Fire Extinguisher
- Megaphone
Behind Galley Carts (right):
- Wheelchair
What emergency equipment is in the LL cabin and where is it located? What are the major differences?
Major Differences:
- 3 MRT instead of 2
- 3 POB instead of 2
- Life vests under each seat
- AFT wardrobe (right) instead of doghouse (right)
- Row 22 Overhead Bin (right) instead of 23 and 24 (left)
- AFT Additional Jumpseat (right)
FWD Lav (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (1/5) + 1 on flight deck
FWD FA Station (left):
- Life Vest (1/3)
- Flashlight (1/2)
- MRT Manual Release Tool (1/3)
Wardrobe (right):
- Thermal containment gloves and bag
FWD Galley Bulkhead (right):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (2/5)
- PBE Portable Breathing Equipment (1/3)
- POB Portable Oxygen Bottle (1/3)
- FAK First Aid Kit (1/2)
Row 1 Overhead Bin (left):
- Demo Equipment
- Seat Belt Extensions
- Extra Passenger Briefing Safety Information Cards
Life Vest Under Each Passenger Seat
Doghouse (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (3/5)
- PBE (2/3)
- POB (2/3)
- FAK (2/2)
AFT Lav (left):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (4/5)
AFT FA Station (left):
- Life Vest (2/3)
- Flashlight (2/2)
- MRT (2/3)
AFT Wardrobe (right):
- Halon Fire Extinguisher (5/5)
- PBE (3/3)
- POB (3/3)
Row 22 Overhead Bin (right):
- Portable ELT
- 8 Infant Life Vests
- EEMK
- AED
- Megaphone
AFT Additional Jumpseat (right):
- Life Vest (3/3)
- Flashlight (2/2)
- MRT (3/3)
Behind Galley Carts (right):
- Wheelchair
Turbulent Airspeed Below 10,000’
250kts
Turbulent Airspeed at or above 10,000’
270kts or .76M, whichever is lower
Max Range
2,000NM
Min Airspeed for RAT Operation
130kts
Certification Category
Transport
Headsets must be worn below what altitude?
FL180
Max Ambient Air Temperature for Operation at FL410
-21.5deg C
Min Ambient Air Temperature for Operation at FL410
-65deg C
GOM Recommended Max Taxi Speed - Straight, Dry Pavement
20kts
GOM Recommended Max Taxi Speed - Straight, Wet Pavement
10kts
GOM Recommended Max Taxi Speed - Turns, Dry Pavement
10kts
GOM Recommended Max Taxi Speed - Turns, Wet Pavement
5kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Dry
38kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Wet “Good”
31kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Compacted Snow “Good to Medium”
20kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Standing Water / Wet/Dry Snow “Medium”
15kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Water/Slush “Medium to Poor”
12kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - Ice “Poor”
8kts
Max Recommended Crosswind for Landing - “Nil”
Not Approved
PAX Cabin Door Max Wind Gusts - Partially Open
40kts
PAX Cabin Door Max Wind Gusts - Open and Locked
65kts
Cargo Door Max Wind Gusts - Partially Open
40kts
Cargo Door Max Wind Gusts - Open and Locked
60kts
Cabin Alt High Warning Occurs When
Cabin Alt is 9,700’ or higher
OR
Cabin Alt > 500’ above LFE, for LFE above 9,400’
When should the Hot Weather Checklist be used?
Above 30deg C or 86deg F
AP Coupled Go-Around Height Loss
May be 50’
Batt 2 Minimum Temperature for APU Start
-20deg C
VDC Required for APU Start
22VDC
BATT 1(2) OVERTEMP trigger
70deg C for 2 sec
VDC Required to Close the battery contactor during APU start
18VDC
What is required to start the APU below -20deg C or below 22VDC
The battery must be charged or the DC GPU can be used.
DC GPU Voltage Output Required
24-29 VDC
IDG HOT Trigger
> 168deg C
IDG LOP Trigger
< 140PSI
NiCad Batteries Supply Power for
10min
TOGA ITT Can be exceeded up to ___deg for ___min
1006deg C for 2min
ITT Limit for engine start logic
120deg C for igniters to come on
Hydraulic System Pressure
3,000 PSID
HYD 1/2/3 HI TEMP Trigger
100deg C
HYD SOV automatically closes for systems 1 and 2, or for system 3 pumps 3A and 3B turn off at ____deg C
125deg C
HYD 1/2/3 OVERHEAT Trigger
145deg C
