aircraft construction Flashcards
pratt truss parts and loads
vertical member: compressive load
diagonal member: tension/compressive load
longerons: just struts
warren truss unique points
has no vertical pieces (except at 2 ends)
longerons connected only to diagonal members
monocoque is only effective for
small diameter fuselage
difference between monocoque and semi monocoque
monocoque has thicker skin
semi-monocoque has additional structures
monocoque consist of
stressed skin
formers
bulkhead
semi-monocoque consist of
outer skin frames stringers longerons bulkheads floor beam shear ties
outer skin, frames, stringers placement
outer skin: covers frames & stringers
frames: goes around the fuselage
stringers: longitudinal members
purpose of winglet
extra lifting area
purpose of ailerons
control aircraft movement about the longitudinal axis (rolling)
purpose of slats
increase lift at low speeds
purpose of flaps
enable aircraft to operate at lower speed for landing and takeoff
purpose of rudder
controls the movement about the vertical axis of the aircraft
purpose of elevators
control pitch or movement about the lateral axis of aircraft
primary structures points
failure may affect structural integrity and safety of aircraft (most impt)
secondary structures points
designed to have safe separation and will not affect ops of aircraft (2nd)
can continue to fly safely
tertiary structure points
failure will not significantly affect ops of aircraft
metal alloys that are used to build aircrafts
Al Alloys - fuselage
Titanium alloys - main landing gear beams
Stainless steel - engine mounts, firewall
Monel (Nickel-Copper alloy) - landing gear
longeron and bulkhead placement
longeron: like stringer but longer
bulkhead: like frames but at front or back of fuselage
what is shear tie and what does it do
plates with holes
transfers weight from frame and floor beam to the skin
wing structure
spars: perpendicular to fuselage
ribs: parallel to fuselage that have holes (like rib cage)
stringers: beams that go through ribs to stiffen the wing
primary & secondary flight control surfaces
primary: ailerons, rudder, elevators
secondary: flaps, slats, spoilers
power plant structure
pylon, nacelle, firewall, engine mount
