aircraft construction

Question 1

pratt truss parts and loads

Answer 1

vertical member: compressive load
diagonal member: tension/compressive load
longerons: just struts

Question 2

warren truss unique points

Answer 2

has no vertical pieces (except at 2 ends)

longerons connected only to diagonal members

Question 3

monocoque is only effective for

Answer 3

small diameter fuselage

Question 4

difference between monocoque and semi monocoque

Answer 4

monocoque has thicker skin

semi-monocoque has additional structures

Question 5

monocoque consist of

Answer 5

stressed skin
formers
bulkhead

Question 6

semi-monocoque consist of

Answer 6

outer skin
frames
stringers
longerons
bulkheads
floor beam
shear ties

Question 7

outer skin, frames, stringers placement

Answer 7

outer skin: covers frames & stringers

frames: goes around the fuselage
stringers: longitudinal members

Question 8

purpose of winglet

Answer 8

extra lifting area

Question 9

purpose of ailerons

Answer 9

control aircraft movement about the longitudinal axis (rolling)

Question 10

purpose of slats

Answer 10

increase lift at low speeds

Question 11

purpose of flaps

Answer 11

enable aircraft to operate at lower speed for landing and takeoff

Question 12

purpose of rudder

Answer 12

controls the movement about the vertical axis of the aircraft

Question 13

purpose of elevators

Answer 13

control pitch or movement about the lateral axis of aircraft

Question 14

primary structures points

Answer 14

failure may affect structural integrity and safety of aircraft (most impt)

Question 15

secondary structures points

Answer 15

designed to have safe separation and will not affect ops of aircraft (2nd)
can continue to fly safely

Question 16

tertiary structure points

Answer 16

failure will not significantly affect ops of aircraft

Question 17

metal alloys that are used to build aircrafts

Answer 17

Al Alloys - fuselage
Titanium alloys - main landing gear beams
Stainless steel - engine mounts, firewall
Monel (Nickel-Copper alloy) - landing gear

Question 18

longeron and bulkhead placement

Answer 18

longeron: like stringer but longer
bulkhead: like frames but at front or back of fuselage

Question 19

what is shear tie and what does it do

Answer 19

plates with holes

transfers weight from frame and floor beam to the skin

Question 20

wing structure

Answer 20

spars: perpendicular to fuselage
ribs: parallel to fuselage that have holes (like rib cage)
stringers: beams that go through ribs to stiffen the wing

Question 21

primary & secondary flight control surfaces

Answer 21

primary: ailerons, rudder, elevators
secondary: flaps, slats, spoilers

Question 22

power plant structure

Answer 22

pylon, nacelle, firewall, engine mount