AIR SYSTEMS Flashcards
02 What is the maximum operating altitude of the CT-142?
25,000 ft ASL
02 What is the maximum crosswind component for landing?
36 kts
02 Name the 3 aircraft components
Fuselage, wings, empennage (tail)
02 What control surface handles pitch and what axis
Elevator (lateral axis)
02 What control surface handles roll and what axis
Ailerons and spoilers (longitudinal axis)
02 What control surface handles yaw and what axis
Rudder (vertical axis)
02 Define force
Energy to produce or defy motion
02 Newton’s 1st Law: Law of Inertia
A body at rest tends to remain at rest while a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
02 Newton’s 2nd Law: Law of Acceleration
Acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body F = ma
02 Newton’s 3rd Law: Law of Action and Reaction
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
02 Define static pressure
“Pressure exerted on an object by the molecular activity within a fluid.
It is measured as a force per unit area and is written: P static = force/area
EXAMPLE : at sea level, standard pressure is 14.7lbs/sq. in (the weight of a column of air above a certain area).”
02 Define dynamic pressure
A body immersed in a moving liquid will absorb the kinetic energy of that fluid (aircraft in the airstream): Pd+1/2 pv^2
02 Define Bernoulli’s Principle
An increase in dynamic pressure results in a decrease in static pressure.
02 Bernoulli’s Principle 3 requirements
Airflow is constant, air is incompressible, total pressure is equal to dynamic pressure + static pressure
02 What are the Forces acting upon an aircraft in flight?
Lift, Thrust, Weight, and Drag.
03 What type of engine gives a large mass of air a small acceleration
Turbo-Prop
03 How do propeller work?
“Pushes air backward to create thrust
Rotating blade produces lift and drag.”
03 What is the benefit of CT-142 variable blade pitch?
Engine and propeller always work at maximum efficiency
03 What is the name/type of the CT-142 engine and how many are there?
Two Pratt and Whitney 120A free-turbine, turbo-prop engines.
03 What are the specifics of the CT-142 Propeller(prop)?
Each engine drives a Hamilton Standard 13 foot diameter, four-blade, constant speed, hydraulically controlled propeller.
03 What is the shaft horse power of the CT-142?
1800 shp which can uptrim to 2000 shp in the event of an engine failure.
04 What is the certified ceiling?
25000 feet
04 What is the maximum operating speed?
242k IAS up to 14000ft, then linearly decreases to 207k IAS at 25000
04 What is the maximum landing cross winds and tail wind?
36kts, min 100ft wide | tail wind up to 10kts (20 in certain situations)
04 What is the emergency stopping distance?
1500ft on 2 engines, 1800 on 1 engine
04 What is the minimum retakeoff distance?
3000ft
04 What is the CT-142 height|length|width?
24 ft. 5 in high
77 ft. 6 in long
and has a wingspan of 85 ft.
04 What is the CT-142 base weight?
26500 lbs
04 What is the CT-142 empty tank weight (w crew and galley)?
28285 lbs
04 What is the CT-142 ramp weight?
34700 lbs
04 What is the CT-142 take off weight?
34500 lbs
04 What is the CT-142 landing weight?
33900 lbs
04 What is the CT-142 max fuel with 8 crew?
6415 lbs
04 How many exits does the CT-142 have?
4 Airstair door, mid-cabin emergency exit, forward cabin emergency exit, flight compartment hatch. Note the cargo door is not an emergency exit and can’t be opened from inside.
04 How is the main door pressurized?
It is charged from the pneumatic de-icing system and contains a reservoir sufficient to seal the door 4 times after engine shutdown. You must ensure the aircraft is de-pressurized before completely unlatching. And NEVER stand directly under the door when unlatching.
04 What kind of breaks does it have?
Main gear has disc brakes, anti-skid brake system and emergency/parking brake system
04 In case of loss of hydrolics, how is the landing gear dropped?
Gravity dropped, then hand-pumped in locked position.
04 How many fuel pumps does it have?
6, 3 per side.
04 What is the purpose of the surge bays in each wing tip?
They provide positive tank venting
04 What is the prefered fuel?
F-37 (JP8+100) | Freezes at -47
04 How many hydrolic systems?
3 separate hydraulic systems
No.1 engine driven
No.2 engine driven
Emergency hand driven system (hand operated from the cockpit and provides power for emergency landing gear extension)
04 What is bleed air used for?
“Air is bled off the compressors of the engines, for use in:
Air Conditioning
Pressurization
Pneumatic De-icing
Bleed air is also available from the APU”
04 Where is the AC control panel located?
Control panel is located on the overhead panel in the cockpit.
04 What is the A/C pressurized to?
25 000ft
04 What compartments get pressure sealed?
“Once engines are running, bleed air is selected on, and flight compartment, cabin, cargo compartment, and underfloor are sealed.
“
04 Which part of the aircraft uses bleed air for de-icing?
“Bleed air is used to de-ice the leading edges of the:
wings
nacelle intakes
horizontal stabilizer
vertical stabilizer
“
05 As a student, when should you reset cct breakers?
As a student, never reset a CB, inform instructor or pilot.
05 Which wing has a green nav light?
The right wing. (Port wine is red, red i on the port side.)
05 What type of lights are used for landing/approach?
White, 600 Watt quartz-halogen sealed beam lights
05 What and where are the interior lighting?
“*Cabin Overhead: There are five panels of fluorescent lights to illuminate the cabin
*Cabin Aisle: Four incandescent lights to illuminate the cabin aisle.
*Crew Rest Area: Two incandescent lights to illuminate the crew rest area.
*Workstations: There is an array of lighting available at the individual workstations which you will see on your static visit.
*Baggage Compartment: There are lights in the baggage compartment which come on with the switch, or when the baggage door is unlocked.
*Galley Counter: There is an incandescent light over the galley counter.
*Galley Overhead: And one over the galley area.
*Lavatory Incandescent: The switch for the lavatory lights illuminates the incandescent light, and arms the fluorescent light.
*Lavatory Fluorescent: This light comes on when the door is locked.
*Wardrobe Overhead: Another light overhead the wardrobe area.
*Airstair Door: And a light to illuminate the entrance
“
05 What powers electric anti-icing and de-icing?
115Vac variable
05 What can be anti or de-iced?
“Prop Blades *
Pitot Tubes
Static Ports
Stall warning transducers
Engine intakes
Windshields
Pilot’s side window
Elevator horns
*NOTE: Because these can be turned on at the pilot’s discretion, they are considered in the AODs as part of the De-Icing System as well.”
05 What does static air provide information to?
“Air Speed Indicator (ASI)
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
Air Data Computer
Standby Barometric Altimeter”
05 What does pitot air provide information to?
“Air Speed Indicator (ASI)
DADC”
05 Where are the Stall Warning Transducers and what do they do?
“Located on the leading edge of each wing
Measures the angle of attack”
06 What is a RADAR?
an electronic device used for the detection and location of objects
06 What does RADAR stand for?
RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING
06 What are the uses of RADAR?
Map Reading & navigation
Weather Detection and Avoidance
Traffic Detection and Avoidance
Altitude (Radalt)
Groundspeed and Drift (Doppler)
Guidance Systems (homing RADAR on missiles)
Target Detection and Homing
06 describe range determination
Short, strong bursts of radio energy (pulses).
Energy is reflected back to the receiver (echo).
Time it takes the energy to return can be converted to distance.
06 Name and define factors affecting determination
Range – due to spreading, return signal may be too weak to be detected by receiving antenna
Size – large targets more likely to be detected, small targets may be filtered out, depending on RADAR
Shape – right angled objects more conducive to reflecting signal back to receiver
Reflecting characteristics – some compounds reflect more readily than others, entire branch of military research is dedicated to researching and developing military assets that generate the least possible RADAR return.
06 What is the ideal RADAR pulse
one that reaches peak power very quickly (sharp leading edge), maintains that power throughout the pulse (flat top) and ends abruptly (sharp trailing edge).
06 A pulse that drops power gradually at the end of the pulse is said to have a _______, while one that builds slowly to peak power is said to have a _______
sloped trailing edge, sloped leading edge
06 Sloping edges effectively ______ the width of the pulse and can also cause timing ambiguities.
increase
06 Pulses which have varying power throughout the duration of the pulse are said to have ________. Sloped pulses are inefficient in that peak power is only achieved for a short portion of the pulse
Sloped tops
06 The shape required for range accuracy
To achieve the accuracy the set was designed for, the pulse must have a sharp leading edge. This allows an accurate start of the timing to measure the pulse, and thus, the target’s distance
02 what are the 2 basic ways to increase lift
Increase airspeed
Increase the camber of the aerofoil
02 What is the camber
the curvature of an aerofoil or its surface
03 Define thrust
Fuel is fed into some kind of “engine” where, in burning, its’ chemical energy is changed into thermal energy which is converted into the mechanical work done in propelling the aircraft against the drag.
03 What is coarse pitch setting used for?
cruise
03 Which type of engine gives a large mass of air a small acceleration?
Turbo-prop
03 Name four common types of engines
Ram-Jet.
Turbo-Jet.
Turbo-Fan.
Engine/Propeller Combination.
03 What is a free turbine
In the free-turbine system, the propeller is connected to what is referred to as a power turbine which “floats” in the high pressure exhaust gases in the turbine section.
03 Disadvantages of propellers
Difficult to make propellers work well at high speeds, because of:
Rotational speeds
Supersonic flow at the blade tips
03 types of pitch
Coarse Pitch
Fine Pitch
03 define pitch
Distance in feet a propeller travels forward in one revolution.
Angle at which the blade is set governs the pitch