Air Concept Flashcards
How many deaths are caused by air pollution annually?
50,000 in US
7 million worldwide (1 in 8)
How much air do we breathe per day?
15,000 liters
What are the 6 major air pollutants?
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Lead (Pb)
- Nitrogen dioxode
- Ozone
- Particultates (PM10 and PM 2.5)
- Sulfur Dioxide
How many Air features are there and how many preconditions/optimizations?
29 features
12 Preconditions
17 optimizations
01 - Air Quality, part 1, VOCs:
what are the levels for Formaldehyde and total VOCs?
Formaldehyde is 27 ppb
VOCs less than 500 ug/m3
01-part 2, particulates and inorganics:
what are the 4 types?
- Carbon monoxoide
- Fine Particles (PM 2.5)
- Coarse Particles (PM 10)
- Ozone
01-Part3, Radon:
where is it measured and what’s the threshold?
4 pCi/L at lowest occupied level of building
02-Smoking Ban:
How much does smoking shorten life expectancy?
10 years
02-Smoking Ban:
how many ingredients are in a cigarette and how many are toxic?
600 ingredients burn to form 7,000 compounds of which 69 are known carcinogens
02-Smoking Ban, part 2: Outdoor Ban
How large is the area in which smoking is banned?
Full Ban Within 25ft of entrances,
and all decks patios balconies,
and signage about smoking hazards along all walkways beyond 25ft with signs every 100’
03 Ventilation effectiveness -
which regulation sets standards for adequate ventilation?
ASHRAE 62.1.2013
03 Ventilation effectiveness - part 1 - design
Projects demonstrate that ambient air quality within 1 mi is compliant with what?
EPA’s NAAQs for 95% of all hours in previous year
03 Ventilation effectiveness - part 2 - (DCV) Demand Controlled Ventilation
A DCV system is used to keep CO2 levels below ___ppm, when the space is ___ or larger and occupancy is more than ___ people per _____ SF
CO2 = 800 ppm space = 500 SF or larger occupancy = 25 people per 1,000 SF
03 Ventilation effectiveness - part 3 System Balancing
When does HVAC system get tested and balanced and what is the documentation required?
Systems get balanced after completion and before occupancy;
doc is an annotated CX Report
04 VOC Reduction - part 1 interior paints:
need to meet one of which 3 requirements?
- 100% of CARB or SCAQMD Rule 1113
- 90% by volume of CDPH
- ASTM standards
What’s ASTM
American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards
04 VOC Reduction - part 2 Adhesives and Sealants:
need to meet one of which 3 requirements?
- 100% SCAQMD Rule 1113
- 90% by volume of CDPH
- ASTM standards
04 VOC Reduction - part 3&4 - flooring and insulation:
both must meet what standard?
- 100% by volume of CDPH
04 VOC Reduction - part 5 - Furniture
must meet what standard?
95% by cost ANSI/BIFMA e3-2011
05 Air Filtration, Part 1 - Filter Accomodation
What two things must recirculated air systems be able to accomodate?
- rack space and fan capacity for future carbon filters
2. additional filters
05 Air Filtration, Part 2 - Particle Filtration:
What size MERV filter is used for outdoor air?
MERV 13 or higher
Ambient outdoor PM10 and PM 2.5 levels measured ____ distance from building are measured below WELL standards for ____how long
1 mile
95% of all hours throughout demonstration
How often do projects need to provide IWBI with air filtration maintenance records?
annually
06 Microbe and Mold Control:
- What devices are used, where?
- What should be inspected and how often?
- UVGI - ultraviolet germicidal irradiation;
on cooling coils and drain pans; - ceilings, walls and floors for discoloration, visible mold, water damage, pooling - quarterly
07 Construction Pollution, Part 1?
Duct Protection - they are sealed during construction and vacuumed out prior to installing grills
07 Construction Pollution, Part 2 - Filter Replacement
When are they replaced?
If used during construction, all filters replaced Prior to occupancy
What 3 techniques are used to reduce/contain/remove dust during construction?
- seal doors and windows with temporary barriers
- walk-off matts
- tools have dust guards/collectors
08 Healthy Entrance - Part 1 walk off mats: Size?
width of entrance and 10ft long
09 Cleaning Protocol (for air quality):
Part 1 Cleaning Plan - Which 4 elements must be in the plan?
- list of high-touch and low-touch surfaces
- a schedule
- cleaning protocol (covers evaluation, product selection, disinfection, entryway maint., and waste stream) and dated logs
- List of approved product seals
09 Cleaning Protocol - Cleaning Products
Which standards must products meet and which cleaning guidelines are followed?
a) DfE, EcoLogo, Green Seal
b) LEED EBOM v4, Green Seal 42
10- Pesticide Management:
a Plan of use must be based on _______ and products used must have a hazard tier ranking of ____.
a) San Francisco Environment Code IPM Program
b) Tier 3 (lowest)
Atrazine, is a pesticide that may cause what?
endocrine disruptor, cardiovascular problems
Glyphosate (the active ingredient in ___) may lead to___ and ____.
RoundUp
Kidney problems
Reproductive difficulties
11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P1 Asbestos and Lead Restriction - What are the limits?
No asbestos
100 ppm lead
11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P2 Lead Abatement: When does it occur?
On buildings constructed prior to banning laws (1970s) in accordance with 40 CFR Part 745
11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P3 Asbestos Abatement: How often and using what standard on applicable buildings?
inspect every 3 years using NESHAP;
abate (repair, encapsulate, enclose, maintain, remove) with AHERA 40 CFR part 763
11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P4 PCB abatement;
when, remove what, according to which standard?
buildings between 1950 and banning laws -
PCB containing fluorescent light balasts
EPA Steps to Safe PCB
11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P5 Mercury Limitation - which 5 products should be avoided?
Mercury containing thermometers, switches, electrical relays, mercury vapor lamps
12 - Moisture Management (Last Air Precondition)
What are the 4 ways moisture can enter?
bulk water
capillary water
air transported moisture
vapor diffusion
Designers must describe how exterior liquid is addressed for which 4 areas of concern -
- Site Drainage
- Local Water Table
- Building Penetrations
- Porous exterior materials
Designers must describe how interior H2O is managed for these 4 areas of concern:
- plumbing leaks
- hard-piped appliances (clothes washers etc.)
- Porous interior materials
- New building materials wetted during construction
Which resource can be used as a reference for Moisture Management?
EPA’s “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance”
Part 3 and 4 of Feature 12 Moisture management are called:
Part 3: Condensation Management
Part 4: Material Selection and Protection
Feature 13 - Air Flush:
Once construction is complete, a flush is conducted with indoor air temp of at least ___ degrees and humidity _____
59 degrees
below 60%
A single stage Air Flush Volume should have a volume of:
4,500 m3 outdoor air per m3 of floor area
A 2-stage air flush can be done - with a pre-occupancy volume of ____ followed by ____ after occupancy
1,066 m3/m2 floor
3,200 m3/m2
Feature 14 - Air Infiltration Management:
Air Leakage testing (Envelope Commissioning) is performed _____(when), according to _____(what) and what_____?
After substantial completion but Before occupancy,
according to ASHRAE 0-2005 and NIBS 3-2012.
Feature 15 - Increased Ventilation:
Buildings must supply fresh air ___% than ASHRAE?
30% higher
16 - Humidity Control: Ventilation must maintain humidity between ___ and ___.
30% to 50%
Climates with narrow humidity ranges are encouraged to show that Modeled humidity is ____ for what period of time?
modeled as between 30-50%
for 95% of all business hours
An increase in Humidity by ___% can lead to formaldehyde off-gassing by ___.
35%
factor of 1.8-2.6
17 - Direct Source Ventilation:
a) which rooms need to be separated,
b) what are the potential contaminants and
c) what methods of separation can be used?
a) cleaning & chemical storage units, bathrooms, printer/copier rooms
b) VOCs, Ozone, mold and mildew (cause asthma and allergies)
c) self-closing doors, exhausting air
18 - Air Quality Monitoring
a) which pollutants are measured
b) how often is data collected,
c) who is data sent to, and
d) how often is it transmitted?
a) particle count, carbon dioxide, ozone
b) once an hour
c) occupants and IWBI
d) annually
18 - Air Quality Monitoring part 2, records:
how long are records kept?
min of 3 years
Which 3 parameters need to be displayed on the air quality display and how large is the screen?
- temperature
- humidity
- Carbon dioxode
15 cm x 13 cm
19 - Operable Windows:
what needs to be analyzed before integrating these into a design?
local outdoor air quality conditions including:
1) annual prevailing breeze patterns
2) average contaminant levels
19 - Operable Windows, Part 2 -
outdoor levels of what 4 parameters are measured, and where
- ozone
- PM10
- temp
- humidity
at a data gathering station within 1 mile
19, part 3 - Window Operation management -
open windows discouraged when poor air quality exists and should be indicated on smartphones and indicator lights if
a) Ozone exceeds ____ or PM 10 is _____
b) Temp is ___ degrees different than indoor, or
c) humidity is above _____%
a) Ozone 51 ppb or PM10 over 50 ug/m3
b) temp 15 degrees +/-
c) humidity over 60%
20 - Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) - ASHRAE doesn’t have a standard for them - what should be used instead?
a design review by an independent registered Mechanical Engineer
21 - Displacement Ventilation:
makes air change more effective by placing vents where and meeting what requirements?
a) supply at floor level slightly cooler or warmer than desired temp
b) ASHRAE 55-2013 for comfort for 75% of space
22 - Pest Control
all food is stored (where) ___ and all indoor trash cans have a lid and less than 30 gal have ______
in sealed containers;
hands-free operation, or under cabinetry in a pull-out drawer
23- Advanced Air Purification: Part 1
____ filtration is used to reduce VOCs
activated carbon
In spaces with more than ____ occupants, ____ is used to sanitize recirculated air.
10 regular occupants
UVGI or Photocatalytic oxidation
24 - Combustion minimization, Part 3
What should be visible from pick-up/drop off parking areas:
No Idling over 30 seconds
25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 1 - PFCs:
a) What are they and b) what’s the req for furniture or furnishings?
a) Perflourinated chemicals/ PFOA - stain repellants, Scotchguard, Goretex, Non-stick cookware.
b) no more than 100ppm in 5% by weight of goods
25 - part 2 - Flame Retardants:
Where are they found and what’s the limit?
100 ppm; found in -
1) window and waterproof membranes
2) flooring, ceiling tiles, wallpaper
3) piping and electrical cables
4) insulation
5) upholstered furniture, textiles, fabrics
Phthalate - Where are they found and what’s the limit?
100 ppm;
Plasticizers - DNOP (in PVC) in flooring, window blinds, vinyl shower curtains, plumbing pipes
25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 5 - Urea Formaldehyde:
Where are they found and what’s the limit?
100 ppm;
- furniture/composite wood
- laminating adhesives
- Thermal Insulation
26 - Enhanced Material Safety - project completes all imperatives of the Materials Petal in Living Building Challenge; or products are ___% by ____ certified
25% by cost are
a) Cradle to Cradle;
b) have no Green Screen Benchmark over 1,000 ppm
27 - Antimicrobial Activity for Surfaces;
High touch surfaces are cleaned with ___
a UV cleaning device with an output of 4 mW/cm2
28 - Cleanable Environment - Materials need to be 1) smooth and \_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) finished to maintain \_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) free of sharp internal \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_.
1) free of defects to the naked eye
2) smooth welds and joints
3) angles, corners and crevices
29 - Cleaning Equipment:
mops and dusters are made out of ____, and vacuums have____
microfiber Denier 1.0
HEPA filters
