AIDs, Cancer, Standard Immunity

Question 1

Stage 1 of HIV

Answer 1

acute HIV infection; flu-like symptoms and lymphadenopathy
➤ Typically 2 to 4 weeks after infection

Question 2

Stage 2 of HIV

Answer 2

asymptomatic HIV infection; can last for a decade or longer
➤ Positive for HIV antibodies but asymptomatic

Question 3

Stage 3 of HIV

Answer 3

symptomatic HIV disease; more severe phase
➤ HIV destroys so many cells that the body cannot fight off infection and disease

Question 4

HIV Diagnosis

Answer 4

● Positive results from 2 HIV tests
● CD4 cell count: 500 to 1200 cells/mm3
● Antigen and antibody testing, blood cell count, CD4 count, drug resistance testing
● Getting tested is the only way to determine whether HIV is present

Question 5

early symptomatic presentation for HIV

Answer 5

Fever, sweats, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, minor oral infection, headache, vaginal
candidiasis for females, cough, shortness of breath, cutaneous rash

Question 6

advanced symptomatic presentation for HIV

Answer 6

Kaposi sarcoma, multiple purple blotches and bumps on skin, HTN, dyspnea,
syncope, fatigue, chest pain, nonproductive cough, opportunistic diseases, poor
wound healing, HIV-related dementia, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy

Question 7

Antiretroviral therapies ARTs

Answer 7

antiviral drugs are used to reduce the viral load
(amount of virus) in the system and are given in combination (3 or more drugs)
➤ Should start immediately
➤ ART does not cure HIV, but keeps people with HIV healthy (prevents AIDS)
➤ Adverse side effects
Nausea, vomiting, rash, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, pain

Question 8

symptom treatment for HIV

Answer 8

➤ Education to prevent the spread of infection
➤ Treatment and management of opportunistic infections
➤ Maintain nutritional status and a healthy lifestyle
➤ Skin care, endurance training, maintain functional mobility, emotional support,
respiratory management

Question 9

Physical therapy for HIV

Answer 9

● Observe standard precautions
● Moderate exercise program is recommended
➤ Do not exercise during acute infections
➤ Aerobic exercise: begin with 10 minutes and progress to 30 to 60 minutes, 3 to 5
days per week
➤ Resistance training: moderate, 30 minutes, 2 to 3 days per week
Perform 2 to 3 sets of 10 to 12 exercises each targeting larger muscles
➤ Avoid
High-intensity exercises → can suppress the immune system
Contact sports
● Teach activity pacing and energy conservation, balancing rest and activity
● Exercise has positive effects on the immune system

➤ Reduced stress and pain, improved endurance and strength, improved cardio-
vascular health

Question 10

AIDs diagnosis

Answer 10

● CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3
● Opportunistic infections
● Wasting or dementia