AICE CH3 VOCAB

Question 1

Energy Levels

Answer 1

A set of fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons can be found at any given moment

Question 2

Principal Shell

Answer 2

The lowest energy state of an electron, the furthest shell electrons occupy in the ground state (n = 1, 2, 3, 4…)

Question 3

Atomic Orbital

Answer 3

A function describing the location and behavior of a given electron in an atom

Question 4

Electronic Configuration

Answer 4

A formula that describes the number and positions of electrons around an atom in a given configuration

Question 5

Ionization energy

Answer 5

The minimum energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral gaseous atom

Question 6

Successive ionization energies

Answer 6

The further an electron’s subshell is from the nucleus, the easier it is to split off as there is less pull on it. Core electrons are the hardest to remove

Question 7

Shielding

Answer 7

A dampening effect that core electrons contribute to valence electrons, pushing them away (stays same across, increasing down as you add more core electrons)

Question 8

Subshells

Answer 8

Subdivisions of electron shells designated by numbers (in the p shell, you have 2s and 2p)

Question 9

Atomic Orbitals

Answer 9

Probable places in an atom in which certain electrons can be found at any given time

Question 10

Spin-pair repulsion

Answer 10

Electrons with the same spin repel each other. A higher total spin is more stable

Question 11

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 11

Forces of varying strength between 2 DIFFERENT molecules

Question 12

Ionic Bond

Answer 12

A strong bond between a cation (metal) and anion (nonmetal) in which electrons are exchanged (electrostatic attraction)

Question 13

Electrovalent bond

Answer 13

A bond formed between opposing charges of atoms

Question 14

Dot-cross diagrams

Answer 14

Diagrams used to represent bonds in the valence shell of atoms

Question 15

Lone pairs

Answer 15

Valence electrons that are not shared with another atom

Question 16

Covalent bond

Answer 16

Relatively strong bond in which (typically) 2+ nonmetals share 2, 4, or 6 electrons

Question 17

Single cv bond

Answer 17

2 electrons

Question 18

Double cv bond

Answer 18

4 electrons

Question 19

Triple cv bond

Answer 19

6 electrons

Question 20

Coordinate bond

Answer 20

One atom provides both electrons needed to bond

Question 21

Dative covalent bond

Answer 21

One atom provides both electrons to bond. One atom must have a lone pair and the other must have an unfilled orbital that can accept both electrons in the lone pair

Question 22

Bond energy

Answer 22

The amount of energy needed to break a molecule into its components, severing the atomic bonds

Question 23

Delocalized electrons

Answer 23

Electrons that are not associated with a specific atom or covalent bond

Question 24

Mobile electrons

Answer 24

Electrons that can readily move between atoms in response to chemical changes

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

A measure of how likely an atom is to attract electrons to itself

Question 26

Nonpolar

Answer 26

A bond in which electrons are shared equally

Question 27

Polar

Answer 27

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Question 28

Van der Waal’s forces

Answer 28

A group of interactions between atoms that take place when two separate electron clouds interact

Question 29

Permanent dipole-dipole forces

Answer 29

The larger the disparity between atoms in a polar bond, the stronger the forces holding them together

Question 30

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 30

A unique dipole dipole attraction, not a covalent bond

Question 31

Intramolecular forces

Answer 31

Interactions/forces between 2 atoms in the SAME molecule