AI VALUES ETHICAL DESICION MAKING Flashcards
Issues and concerns around AI
- Personal privacy: : Human behaviour and activities can be tracked in ways
that were unimaginable earlier. AI systems need huge amounts of data in
order to be trained. In many cases data involves individual faces, medical
records, financial data, location information etc. - Job loss: - One of the primary concerns around AI is the future loss of jobs.
According to a research by McKinsey, 800 million people will lose their jobs
At the same time another point to keep in mind is that AI may also create
more jobs, after all, people will be tasked with creating these robots to
begin with and then manage them in the future. - If AI makes a mistake: -
Define ethics
Ethics is defined as the discipline, dealing with moral obligations and
duties of humans. It is a set of moral principles which govern the
behavior and actions of individuals or groups.
Define AI bias
AI bias, is a phenomenon that occurs when an algorithm produces
results that are systematically prejudiced towards certain gender,
language, race, wealth etc. and therefore produces skewed or leaned
output. Algorithms can have built-in biases because they are created
by individuals who have conscious or unconscious preferences that
may go undiscovered until the algorithms are used publically” .
Types of Ethics
- Robo Ethics is concerned with the moral behaviour of
humans as they design, construct, use and treat
artificially intelligent beings. - Machine Ethics is concerned with the moral behaviour
of artificial moral agents (AMAs).
What are the sources of AI bias?
- Data -AI system are as good as the data we put into them. And putting biased/skewed
data into the system is the reason for AI bias. AI system don’t have understanding of
whether their training data is right or wrong and have enough representation from a
broader base. - Algorithm- While algorithm, in itself doesn’t inject bias but can amplify the biases
caused by data.For example, an image classifier trained on the images available in
public domain - which happens to show more women in the kitchen as opposed to
men. AI algorithms are designed to maximize accuracy. So an AI algorithm may decide
that all people in the kitchen are women, despite the fact the training data has some
images of men in the kitchen. It thereby incorporates a gender bias in the AI system. - People -The last issue is with the people who are developing the AI system i.e.
engineers, scientists, developers etc. They aim to get the most accurate results with
the available data. They are often lesser focused on the broader context. It is rightly
said that ethics and bias are not the problem of the machine but that of the humans
behind the machine.
We can build AI trust by doing the following
- Minimize bias in training data
- Share the algorithm with the government/public/users
- AI developers should be representative/inclusive of diverse
backgrounds – gender, religion, skin colour, language and so on. - There should be an international monitoring body that designs and
monitors AI ethics and algorithm policy
5 NEW JOBS CREATED BY AI
- AI trainers: - Though artificial intelligence is known as the technology of tomorrow, it still requires human intervention to learn and get trained. For an
example, while racertack.ai was developing India’s first smartbot - MARVIN, they had to train the system to understand, analyse, predict,
and respond back to the users. The smartbot was trained even to understand the unsaid intents of customers. Technical, linguistic, and
communication experts from racetrack.ai, later developed arrays of algorithms that enabled MARVIN to detect and understand sarcasm,
humour, or the satirical aspects of conversation. - Data detective: -
Data drives the modern world. Whether a data analyst or data researcher, each of these play major role. However, the recent future has
abundant scopes for data detectives who can track, gather, organise, and use patterns to represent data in the most symbolic ways. - Core research scientists: -
AI requires the skill sets of research scientists from applied and core fields to perform with high accuracy and also to foresee things. While
talking about these fields, it can comprise experts from the fields of mathematics, statistics, and others. Experts from computer science
and information technology who are acquainted with machine learning, deep learning, or have the potential to drive the process of
discovery would also witness this boom. - AI mentors
AI results which are often seen as ‘black box’ or unexplainable, often requires the help of AI Mentors to explain. These mentors can
explain the reasons behind such decisions taken by the AI system along with the algorithms behind the operation. - Programming and language experts: -
Machine Learning, natural language processing, and deep learning forms the nervous system of any AI integrated system. Other
important programming languages in AI technology are Java, Python, AIML, MATLAB, R, Tensorflow, Scikit-Learn, Hadoop, and several
others. Keeping this in mind, we cannot ignore the fact that experts in these fields will get better job opportunities in the coming days. In
other words, the more AI advances, greater will be the job opportunities for these programming and language experts.
Roles and Jobs at Risk:
- Jobs that are monotonous and repetitive, can be easily automated; this can
gradually lead to certain jobs becoming obsolete - More traditional professions, such as legal professions and accounting
will be significantly impacted. In these sectors we will start to see
different kinds of roles emerging, which require higher order skills. - Financial Services, Insurance and any other sector requiring
significant amounts of data processing and content handling will also
be impacted to a certain extent. AI can have a significant role in
eliminating bureaucracy, improving the service to citizens. The
healthcare sector and imaging services will also have some degree of
impact. - The healthcare sector and imaging services will also have some
degree of impact
5 JOBS OR PROFESSIONS THAT AI WILL DISRUPT
1)Activities related to customer care operation,
2)document classification,
3)content moderation,
4)production line in factories etc., are at risk of being taken away by smart robots and
software.
5)Drivers: - Artificial intelligence is also used to power autonomous driving systems. Self-driving cars are insanely safe.
5 Jobs immune to AI
1)Politician, because people want to be ruled by humans, not machines
2)Judge, because people want humans to make the final decision on life
or death issues
3)Investor, because the right of ownership will be limited to humans
4)Actor, because people want to watch humans perform, not just robots
5)Sports and games, because the drama is more important than the
results.
