AI (cont..) 2 Flashcards
What is the type of machine learning that uses neural networks?
Deep Learning (DL)
True or False: An activation function does not use a threshold to send information.
False
What is the bias that we add to each neuron?
The bias is a number to calibrate the summation function
Neural networks give answers that are:
Probabilities (%)
NLP stands for what?
Natural Language Processing
LLMs are:
Large Language Models
What is the main goal of the implicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in o1-preview?
To generate and discard internal steps after reaching the final conclusion - the model does not show explicit reasoning steps.
Fill in the blank: The model (o1-preview) fine-tunes its own prompts during reasoning to improve _______.
accuracy
What does the distance-based reinforcement learning approach reward?
Effectiveness of each reasoning step in moving closer to the correct answer.
- learns which paths lead to better results
True or False: OpenAI has disclosed the specific workings of o1-preview’s reasoning mechanism.
False
What is the key feature of traditional GPT-4 compared to o1-preview?
Next Word Prediction vs. Goal-Directed Search
What are the two components combined in OpenAI’s o1-preview?
- *Q-learning (quality of decisions)
- A* search (efficient paths)
What are the risks associated with relying on formal rationality?
- Quality of input data should be correct and meaningful
- Automated decision making could run wild
- Algorithmic selection error can amplify hidden bias
- e.g.: Mistakes in cancer screening and racially discriminatory databases
What are some mitigation strategies for the risks of relying on formal rationality?
- Ensure ethical and transparent use of algorithms
- Provide clear explanations of how algorithms work
- Establish clear guidelines for the use of algorithms
- Regularly audit and update algorithms
- Invest in training and education programs for employees
AI’s influence on society includes:
- Economy
- Jobs
- Discourse
Fill in the blank: Routine and well-structured tasks lead to ______, while complex and ambiguous tasks lead to ______.
automation; augmentation
What is the Automation-Augmentation Paradox?
The tension between automating tasks without understanding human roles and the need for a comprehensive approach
In healthcare, predictive analytics is used for:
Predicting diseases from medical images
What is the purpose of recommendation systems in e-commerce?
To suggest products based on a user’s previous browsing and purchasing patterns
Fill in the blank: The model allocates more time and computing resources to the ______ stages of inference.
final
What are the applications of AI in transportation?
- Autonomous Vehicles
- Traffic Management
What are some examples of AI applications in education?
- Personalized Learning
- Automated Grading
What is the role of bots in customer service?
Help in providing customer service by answering questions and resolving issues in real-time.
Define Personalized Learning in education.
Create personalized learning paths for students based on their strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles.
What does Automated Grading do?
Helps in automating the grading process, saving time for educators.
What is Predictive Maintenance in manufacturing?
Predicting when machines are likely to fail, allowing for timely maintenance and avoiding unexpected downtime.
Define Precision Agriculture.
Analyzing data from various sources like satellite images and sensors to optimize farming practices.
What are Harvest Automation robots used for?
Development of autonomous harvesting robots that can pick fruits and vegetables.
What is the role of AI in Content Creation?
Assist in content creation, such as writing articles or generating artworks.
How does Personalized Marketing function?
Helps in analyzing customer data to create personalized marketing campaigns.
What are Voice Assistants?
Powers voice assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant that can understand and respond to verbal commands.
What is the function of Home Security AI?
Used in home security systems to detect unusual activities and alert homeowners.
What does Resume Screening automate?
Automating the process of screening resumes to find the best candidates.
What is Employee Retention Prediction?
Analyze employee data to predict which employees are at risk of leaving the company.
What are GPUs in the context of AI?
AI’s workhorse for computation. Graphic Processing Units.
What are TPUs?
Google’s answer for faster training. Tensor Processing Units.
What is Quantum AI?
The future of computation. Quantum computing.
List some platforms associated with Open-source AI.
- TensorFlow
- PyTorch
- GitHub
What is the impact of community on Open-source AI?
- forums, conferences, open collabs =>
Accelerating AI democratization.
What does AI safety involve?
Predictable AI behavior.
What are some challenges of AI’s future?
Brain-computer interfaces … Long-term impact on society.
What is the EU AI Act?
Different rules for different risk levels. Consists of three levels of risk pertaining to AI.
What does the US Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights aim to address?
Framework for ethical AI usage.
True or False: Generative AI is a type of machine learning.
True.
What is unacceptable risk? And examples.
• Unacceptable risk: Clear threat to safety, livelihoods and rights of people will be banned,
- e.g. from social scoring by govts to toys using voice assistants that encourages dangerous bhv
What is high risk?
• High risk: AI systems that are used in critical infrastructures (e.g. transport - self-driving cars); educational/vocational training (scoring of exams); safety components (e.g. robot-assisted surgery)— strict obligations are put on these before they can be put on the market
What is limited/minimal risk?
• Limited/minimal risk: AI systems with specific transparency obligations. E.g chatbots - users should be aware that they are interacting with a machine => make informed decision to continue or not
Prompt engineering - 5 best practices
- Assign role
- Styling output
- Be specific
- Add conditions (constraints)
- Provide data
5 non-tech prompt engineering skills
- Language
- Communication
- Creativty
- Critical thinking
- Subject matter expertise
Ethical aspects of AI
- bias
- privacy
- transparency and explainability
- safety
