A.I., A.S.F., E.I.A. . Flashcards
What is avian influenza?
Viral disease of domesticated and wild fowl.
What are the 2 forms of avian influenza?
- Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI).
- High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
How many viral subtypes of avian influenza are there?
16 subtypes.
*Mutations in types 5 and 7 result in HPAI.
What are the characteristics of LPAI?
- Birds may be asymptomatic.
- If symptomatic, signs are typically due to respiratory disease and a drop in egg production.
What are the symptoms of HPAI?
- Multiple organ failure.
- High mortality rate.
- Sudden death.
What is the treatment for avian influenza?
Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.
*No approved antiviral treatment in birds.
What are the prevention measures for avian influenza?
Vaccines are available, but have to be used under direction of the state veterinarian.
What are the control measures for avian influenza?
- Mass depopulation in affected flocks.
- Strict biosecurity in domestic poultry (can easily spread in wild fowl).
Is avian influenza zoonotic?
Yes.
*Asian lineage is more severe in people than the North American lineage.
What is African swine fever?
A highly infectious and contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine.
What does African Swine fever result in?
A hemorrhagic disease.
Is African swine flu zoonotic?
No.
What are the 2 ways African Swine Fever is transmitted?
- From wild swine to domestic swine via ticks.
- Oronasal route between swine, especially in domestic swine.
What are the signs of African swine fever?
- Peracute, sudden death.
- Hemorrhage (Reddening of body, ears, snout, bleeding from external orifices).
- Fever.
What is equine infectious anemia?
An infectious retrovirus in equids.
How is equine infectious anemia transmitted?
Biting flies (Horse and deer) and other vectors.
What does equine infectious anemia result in?
Anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Can horses recover from equine infectious anemia?
Yes.
*Can return asymptomatic and be a source of infection for other equids.
What is the treatment for equine infectious anemia?
No treatment or vaccine exists, only surveillance through an annual Coggins Test and isolation of infected equids at least 200 yards away from any other equids or euthanasia.
