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AHPS > AHPS weeks 9 and 10 > Flashcards

AHPS weeks 9 and 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three factors that mean FCE in fish can be close to 1?

A
  • don’t thermoregulate (poikilotherms)
  • ammonia secretion via the gills is more effective
  • don’t support their bodies against gravity
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2
Q

At what stage of development are salmon transferred to salt water? What is an indicator that they are ready for this to happen?

A

Smolt
- they turn silver

Would test a group in saline water first anyway to be sure

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3
Q

How old are salmon when they are usually harvested for meat? How heavy?

A

2 - 2.5 years, 4 - 4.5 kg

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4
Q

What is the optimum temperature range for Atlantic salmon?

A

15.9 degrees - 17.5 degrees

Problems arise above 18

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5
Q

What is the optimum temperature range for

ocean trout?

A

10 - 22 degrees C

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6
Q

What is the optimum temperature range for yellowtail kingfish?

A

22 degrees C

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7
Q

What is the optimum temperature range for Southern bluefin tuna?

A

19 - 21 degrees C

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8
Q

What is the optimum temperature range for Barramundi?

A

26 - 28 degrees C

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9
Q

Do barramundi require salt or fresh water?

A

Both - young in salt, mature in fresh

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10
Q

What effect can non-optimal water temperatures have?

A

Reduce fertility

Increase susceptibility to disease

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11
Q

What determines water ‘quality’? Does this vary with temperature?

A

Amount of dissolved O2 - warmer water holds less oxygen

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12
Q

What is desirable level of O2 dissolved in water? What happens if this is too low?

A

75 - 80%

Fish can vomit

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13
Q

How much protein does a growing salmonid require? Is there a limiting amino acid?

A

400g/kg

Yes - lysine

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14
Q

Why include CHO in salmonid feed?

A

Acts as an alternative energy source which spares dietary protein for muscle growth

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15
Q

What management strategy is used to ensure salmon availability year round?

A

Manipulate the photoperiod in smolts

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16
Q

What are two advantages of total destocking?

A

Low supp feed cost

Good preservation of pasture and soil

17
Q

What are three disadvantages of total destocking?

A

Lose genetic progress
High cost to buy more stock after drought
Risk introduction of disease with new stock

18
Q

What are two disadvantages of partial destocking?

A

High cost supp feed

Damage to pasture (unless use SCA)

19
Q

What stock would you sell if partial destock?

A

Less productive stock

  • wethers in merino system
  • old cows in dairy or beef system
20
Q

What roughage percent should be provided when feeding grain ration?

A

20%

21
Q

What health concerns do you need to address when feeding a grain-based ration to your SCA stock?

A

Ca:P ratio - grain is high in P, so add 1.5% CaCO3 to feed to balance

Vitamin E deficiency - comes from green feed - supplement stock every 6 weeks

22
Q

How many MJ ME per DSE per day is recommended for maintenance during a drought?

A

5 MJ ME / DSE

23
Q

How much bare ground needs to be exposed before risk of soil erosion is high?

A

20 - 30%

24
Q

What is the stocking rate of a SCA?

A

1000 sheep/0.5Ha

25
Q

How much water needs to be provided to stock in SCA?

A

5L/sheep/day

50L/cow/day

26
Q

What is the starting rate for grain introduction in sheep?

A

50g/head/day

27
Q

What is the starting rate for grain introduction in cows?

A

500g/head/day

28
Q

Why are animals at increased risk of pulpy kidney during a drought? How can you mitigate this risk?

A

C. perfringens E overgrowth in intestines due to increased CHO in diet

Can give booster vacc pre-SCA and introduce grain feed slowly

29
Q

What disease can occur if animals become vitamin E deficient?

A

White muscle disease

30
Q

How might animals be at risk of plant poisonings?

A

Being released from the SCA onto pastures post-drought too quickly
Weeds and toxic species may have grown above their previous proportion. Should release stock with full stomachs and phase out the supp feed over 1 week

31
Q

How can you protect water sources from contamination?

A

Monitor them, put up fences, plant vegetation

32
Q

What is the most common honey bee species in AU?

A

Apis mellifera

33
Q

What is honeybee nemesis

A

Varroa destructor

34
Q

What is colony collapse disorder?

A

Stressors such as insufficient food, disease or mites cause young bees to leave the hive too early and subsequently die

35
Q

What is NBPSP?

A

National Bee Pest Surveillance Program

36
Q

What are six potential roles of the vet in honeybee disease surveillance?

A

Technical advice for pest disease management programs

Advice on biosecurity programs

help with NBPSP

Prescribe required drugs e.g acaracides

Strategic disease management advice

Sample and test hive for residues

AHPS (8 decks)

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