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AHPS > AHPS week 5 - 6 > Flashcards

AHPS week 5 - 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Animal Health Australia do?

A

Facilitates partnerships between government and livestock industry
Provide national approach to animal health systems

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2
Q

What are three examples of fertilisers?

A

Super phosphate
Potassium (POTASH)
Urea (nitrogen source)

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3
Q

What are some benefits of maximising reproductive performance?

A

Fewer cows sold empty or late

More rapid genetic gain

Less resources directed at correcting poor performance

Better production in each lactation for seasonal herds, or per cow/year in year round herds

More calves to sell or raise

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4
Q

What are some pros of year round calving

A

Less pressure to adhere to tight timeline
Reduced repro performance is not as pronounced
Can supply milk all year round

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5
Q

What are some cons of year round calving

A

Doesnt match the pasture growth curve well

Additional labour required

Reduced number of calves over a cows lifetime and less genetic gain as a result (because longer inter-calving intervals)

Intercalving intervals can be prolonged meaning less time in peak lactation

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6
Q

What are the three major factors that contribute to pre weaning health in calves

A

Colostrum
Environment
Nutrition

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7
Q

How much milk replacer do you feed dairy calves? How often?

A

10 - 12% of bodyweight, twice daily for the first week then once daily thereafter
If you feed too much can get scours - max 5L for Hols/Fres and 4l for Jers

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8
Q

What do you feed dairy calves to stimulate rumen development? How much?

A

Grain- high in propionate and butyrate which strongly stimulate rumen development. This should be fed in small amounts from the first week of life.

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9
Q

Why would you not choose hay as a concentrate for young calves?

A

Metabolised to acetate which is a less potent stimulus for rumen development

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10
Q

Describe 4 things you might do in calf rearing

A

Small groups

groups of similar ages

Provide ventilation

Separate scouring calves

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11
Q

Describe how to wean calves using concentrate feed

A

Increase the daily supply of concentrate by 0.75-1.5 kg per day once the calves are approaching 2 months. Slowly wean them - this ensures rumen will develop in readiness for weaning

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12
Q

What are the usual weaning weights for HF and J calves?

A

HF - 70-80kg

J - 50-60kg

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13
Q

What are the usual weaning ages for HF and J calves?

A

Early: 6 - 8 weeks
Late: 12

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14
Q

What is the target joining weight for Jersey heifers?

A

300 - 320 kg

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15
Q

What is the target joining weight for HF heifers?

A

380 - 400 kg

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16
Q

Roughly how many lactations do we expect out of a dairy cow?

A

6 or so

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17
Q

How can early heifer calving improve heifer welfare?

A

They enter the dairy for the first time ahead of the main herd - get used to it in less-stressful environment
Have a longer gap between calving and joining again - more time to recover

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18
Q

What are some signs of heat in cows?

A 
Sniffing others
Allowing to be mounted
Mounting others
Mucoid discharge from vagina
Behavioural changes such as pacing
Frequent squirts of urine
Swollen vulva
Turning head to flank
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19
Q

How long does oestrus last in a cow?

A

Anywhere between 1-28 hours, though average is 15h.

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20
Q

When does ovulation occur relative to oestrus?

A

12h after oestrus has finished.

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21
Q

What are two examples of heat detection aids?

A

Tail paint

Pedometer

22
Q

What technologies are available to synchronise cow heat?

A

Prostaglandins > remove the CL and induce heat in 2 - 2.5 days if given between day 6 and 15 of cycle

Progestagens - provide endogenous progesterone source inside cow, removal induces oestrus

23
Q

What is the 21 day submission rate?

A

The proportion of the herd detected in oestrus and submitted to service in the first 3 weeks of mating.

24
Q

What affects the 21 day submission rate?

A

Whether the cows are cycling - nutrition?
Whether the heat is detected - training, observation, weather
Whether the detected cows are mated - most likely if AI program

25
Q

What is the conception rate?

A

The proportion of inseminations resulting in conception

26
Q

What is the first service non-return rate?

A

The proportion of cows from the first round of AI who do not return to service - assumed therefore they have conceived. Doesnt account for lost pregnancies or missed heat detection. May also include dead or

27
Q

What are some limitations of the first service non-return rate figure?

A
  • may include dead cows
  • may include sold cows
  • doesnt account for missed heat detection
  • doesnt account for pregs that are subsequently lost
28
Q

What is a typical bull: cow joining strategy?

A

1:30

29
Q

How much colostrum should a calf receive in the first 12h?

A

At least 4 L

30
Q

What is the calving percentage?

A

The number of live calves born compared with the number of cows mated

31
Q

What is the weaning percentage?

A

The number of calves weaned compared with the number of calves mated

32
Q

When are the two usual musters in the NT beef systems?

A

April (start of the dry season)

August

33
Q

When is the wet season in NT beef systems?

A

November - March

34
Q

What are two diseases you have to vaccinate against in the NT?

A

Tick fever

Botulism

35
Q

What are 7 pasture species you are likely to encounter in VIC?

A 
Wallaby grass
Onion grass
Clover
Cocksfoot
Phalaris
Perennial ryegrass
Cocksfoot
36
Q

Which breeds make up a Barkly composite?

A

Senepol, Charolais and Santa Gertrudis

37
Q

Which breeds make up a Gulf composite?

A

Senepol, Charolais and Brahman

38
Q

What are the two types of camel?

A

Dromedary

Bactrian

39
Q

What is the most common Sth American camelid in AU?

A

Alpacas

40
Q

How long is alpaca gestation?

A

335 days

41
Q

What are the two major types of alpaca? How can you distinguish them?

A

Huacaya - 90% - fluffy

Suri - 10% - dreadlocks

42
Q

What is the term for an adolescent alpaca?

A

A tui

43
Q

What is the term for an adult female and adult male alpaca?

A

Hembra - female

Macho - male

44
Q

When are alpacas shorn?

A

In spring

45
Q

How many DSE is a standard alpaca? How about a pregnant one?

A

1 - 1.2 DSE standard

2 pregnant

46
Q

What is the critical first mating weight and age for female alpacas?

A

> 45kg, > 12months

47
Q

Name two species that are induced ovulators

A

Alpacas

Cats

48
Q

What time of the year should be avoided for alpaca matings?

A

Mid-late summer, as this exposes the cria to high summer temps following year

49
Q

When do you wean alpaca cria?

A

At 3 - 6 months

50
Q

What vaccination is administered to alpaca?

A

5 in 1

51
Q

What can affect the value of alpaca fleece?

A

vegetable matter contamination
fibre diameter
colour

AHPS (8 decks)

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