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AHPS > AHPS weeks 7- 8 > Flashcards

AHPS weeks 7- 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three temperate species of deer?

A

Fallow, red and elk

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2
Q

What are the three tropical species of deer?

A

Rusa, Chital, Samber

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3
Q

Which are the deer species that call

  • males = stag
  • females = hind
  • young = calf
A

Red, rusa, samber, chital

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4
Q

Which deer species:

  • male = bull
  • female = cow
  • young = calf
A

Waipiti

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5
Q

Which deer species:

  • male = buck
  • female = doe
  • young = fawn
A

Fallow

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6
Q

What are four modern advances in deer farming?

A

Curved runs + uphill location for yard to facilitate easy mustering

Transport in the dark

Procedures done in dim light

Plant high hedges

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7
Q

What are the DSE ratings for:

  • fallow doe
  • rusa hind
  • red hind
A

Fallow doe = 2
Rusa hind = 3
Red hind = 3.5

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8
Q

What time of the year does the rut occur for red and elk deer? Is it different for fallow?

A

Autumn (march + april)

Fallow are April-May

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9
Q

What time of the year do buttons drop for red and elk? How does this compare to fallow?

A

After the rut - around September

Fallow drop in october

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10
Q

What time of the year do new antlers grow?

A

Immediately after button drop - mid Sept to Dec-Jan

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11
Q

What time of the year is velveting?

A

Spring - Late Oct to December

- may velvet one individual more than once

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12
Q

What time of the year are venisson sales?

A

December - March

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13
Q

When is calving for red and elk?

A

November - December

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14
Q

How many times a year do Rusa deer calve?

A

~4 times

Calve roughly every 3 months

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15
Q

What effect does increased daylight have on antler growth?

A

Testosterone levels are lowered > buttons drop and new growth starts

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16
Q

What effect does reducing daylight have on antler growth?

A

Testosterone increases - antelers calcify and velvet is shed

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17
Q

What happens to the bodyweight of the males during the rut?

A

Lose 30%

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18
Q

When do female deer reach sexual maturity?

A

15 months

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19
Q

What method is used to detect pregnancy, and when? Are NIPs common?

A

No - most females conceive within the first oestrous of the rut
Trans rectal ultrasound at 30 days

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20
Q

Who can perform velveting?

A

Veterinarians

Farmers that are accredited through the National Velvet Accreditation Scheme

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21
Q

What is the dressing percent for small ruminants?

A

Around 45%

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22
Q

Describe two different prime lamb systems.

A

Merino F x Meat breed M => first cross lambs, all sold

  • can breed some merino F to merino M to replace herd if need be otherwise buy in new females
  • could also sell first cross F progeny into terminal lamb system

First cross F x Meat breed M => terminal lamb

  • better milk production than merino, and 3/4 meat breed
  • raise a large lamb
  • all sold
  • not self replacing
23
Q

Name three meat breed sheep

A

Dorper
Multimeat composite
Poll Dorset

24
Q

What is % wool yield?

A

Clean kg/greasy kg

25
Q

What is the range for fibre diameter?

A

11um - 50um

26
Q

Where in AU is the pastoral zone?

A

Inland NSW, SA, WA + tropics of central QLD

27
Q

What is one advantage of production in the pastoral zone?

A

Less wet so less parasitism

28
Q

What are two advantages of self-replacing flocks?

A

Reduced risk of bringing in disease with new individuals

Can control genetic gain

29
Q

Provide four examples of first cross ewe sires

A 
Border Leicester
English Leicester
Southdown
Polwarth
Dorset down
Dorper
30
Q

Provide 3 examples of a terminal sires?

A

Poll dorset
Suffolk
Texel

31
Q

From which goat breed can you obtain Mohair?

A

Angora

32
Q

How wide is a cashmere fibre? How much would you obtain per year per goat?

A

12 - 20 um

50 - 300 g/yr/goat

33
Q

Name two goat milk breeds

A

Saanen

Toggenburg

34
Q

Name three meat goat breeds

A

British alpine
Anglo-nubian
Boer

35
Q

What are three challenges to production in the pastoral zone?

A

Estimating pasture growth and availability year to year
Managing impact of native animals on the pasture
Ensuring adequate water supply

36
Q

Where is the sheep - wheat zone?

A

Inland WA, NSW, VIC and QLD, though not as far in as the pastoral zone

37
Q

How long before pasture senesces should lambing occur for a merino system?

A

3 - 4 months

38
Q

How long before pasture senesces should lambing occur for a prime lamb system?

A

4 - 5 months

39
Q

How long before lambing should joining be?

A

5 months

40
Q

When should marking occur?

A

2 weeks after the end of lambing

41
Q

How long after lambing should weaning occur?

A

12 - 16 weeks

42
Q

What is the marking percent?

A

number of lambs/number of ewes mated

43
Q

What is the minimum age for a lamb at weaning?

A

6 weeks

44
Q

What are three important KPIs for beef?

A

Cost of production $/kg liveweight
kg of beef produced /ha
average sale price of beef in $/kg

45
Q

What five things must be done before a thoroughbred can be registered?

A 
Must have parentage information
Freezebrand 
DNA sample obtained
Microchip inserted
Visual identification by a vet
46
Q

What is one advantage of goat production over sheep? What is one disadvantage?

A

Advantage - reach sexual maturity earlier

Disadvantage - grow more slowly than sheep

47
Q

Why are goat kids snatch reared?

A

To avoid contracting caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAEV) from the milk - especially if you have a milk enterprise. Only if you know you have a problem in a meat enterprise.

48
Q

What might be some reasons lambs are growing slowly whilst still on their mums?

A

Mums milk production is waning
Getting second pick of grass after mums
May be accumulating parasite load from mums

49
Q

Which wool length is most prone to developing fleecerot?

A

6 months’ length

  • wets easily, dries slowly
  • the skin needs to be wet to develop fleecerot
50
Q

How does fleecerot reduce wool quality?

A

Staining of wool by bacterial pigments.

51
Q

What effect does shearing have on ewe reproduction?

A

Won’t exhibit oestrous and therefore won’t mate for 2 weeks following

52
Q

When is (often) the poorest time of year for sheep nutrition?

A

Autumn

53
Q

What increases the greasy fleece weight of wool after autumn shearing?

A

Extra wax and suint production + faster wool growth and thence wider fibre diameter in response to shearing at a time outside the sheep’s thermoneutral zone when they will incrase their food intake considerably in response

Dust also accumulates in the wool over summer before it is shorn

54
Q

What staple length is preferred by producers?

A

60 - 90 mm

AHPS (8 decks)

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