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Agriculture AGRO211 > AGRO211 Theory > Flashcards

AGRO211 Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most important grains?

A

Wheat, Rice, Maize, barley, oats, sorghum, rye, millets.

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2
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Primary axis with racemes or spikes

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3
Q

Which grain is a staple in the tropics and subtropics?

A

Rice

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4
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Raceme

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5
Q

What growth form of grass is shown?

A

Cane forming

Bamboos

Woody stems

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6
Q

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

A

Flag leaf

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7
Q

What is Apomixis?

A

Asexual reproduction which produces a seed without the fusion of a sperm and egg.

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8
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Subdigitate

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9
Q

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

It conserves well adapted genotypes, because offspring are identical to parents.

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10
Q

What is an aggregate fruit?

A

One that is derived from many ovaries from a single flower.

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11
Q

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

A

Spikelets

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12
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Spike

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13
Q

What is a dry indehiscent fruit?

A

Fruit what does not open at maturity.

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14
Q

What grass growth form is shown?

A

Mat

Horizontal stems with long internodes above ground (Stolons)

Horizontal stems with short internodes below ground (Rhizomes)

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15
Q

Cereal grains supply ___% of the world’s food for human consumption?

A

60%

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16
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Spatheate

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17
Q

What is a fruit?

A

The unit that stores the seed.

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18
Q

What is the culm of a grass plant?

A

The flowering stem off which the inflorescence grow.

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19
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Digitate

20
Q
A
21
Q

What are the defining factors of a Eudicot?

A

Flower parts usually in fours or fives

Leaves usually have netted veins (reticulate)

Secondary growth common (up and out), arises from vascular cambium.

vascular bundles distributed as a ring

Ususally a taproot system

Seeds have two cotyledons

22
Q

Which family is the only family larger than poaceae?

A

Asteraceae

23
Q

What are the defining factors of a monocot?

A

Flower parts in threes

Leaves usually with paralell veins

Usually no secondary growth

Vascular bundles distributed in ground tissue in stem

Fibrous root system

Seeds have one cotyledon

24
Q

What is the leafy shoot of a grass plant called?

A

A tiller

25
Q

Grasslands comprise roughly ___% of the worlds vegitation

A

20%

26
Q

Perennial grasses feature two horizontal stem types. What is this stem called if growing below ground?

A

Rhizomes

27
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Open Panicle

28
Q

What are the two methods of asexual reproduction that grasses use?

A

Vegitative cloning

Apomixis

29
Q

What family are the graasses in?

A

Poaceae

30
Q

What parts make up a tiller?

A

Roots, Stem and leaves

31
Q

What is a simple fruit?

A

One seed to each fruit

32
Q

When are grasses most susceptible to overgrazing?

A

During their reproductive phase, as they push their growth buds above ground to produce an inflorescence rather than leaf material.

33
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Spatheate

34
Q

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

A

Rachis

35
Q

What growth form of grass is shown?

A

Tufted

Upright growth

Cluster of roots around base

36
Q

What are the 4 basic grass growth habits?

A

Tufted, Mat, Cane, and hummock

37
Q

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

A

Pedicel

38
Q

Which grain is a staple of the temperate regions?

A

Wheat

39
Q

How many genera and species of Poaceae are there?

A

650 Genera

12,500 Species

40
Q

What growth form of grass is shown?

A

Hummock-forming

Mound, doughnut forming

Base woody

Unlike tufts, many tillers grow very close together

41
Q

Perennial grasses feature two horizontal stem types. What is this stem called if growing above ground?

A

Stolons

42
Q

Where is the crown of grass, and why is this advantageous during grazing?

A

Close to the soil surface

Buds remain protected, so the plant can continue to grow once grazing removes plant material.

43
Q

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

A

Peduncle

44
Q

What us a multiple fruit?

A

A fruit derived from many ovaries of many flowers clustered together on an inflorescence.

45
Q

What is a prostrate growth habit?

A

Growing horizontally and flat across the soil surface

46
Q

What is a dry dehiscent fruit?

A

A fruit which opens at maturity

47
Q

What inflorescence type is this?

A

Contracted Panicle

Agriculture AGRO211 (4 decks)

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