Agression Flashcards
Behavior intended to harm another
individual
Aggression
Aggression
inflicted as a means to an end
Proactive/Instrumental aggression
Aggression inflicted for the sake
of aggression
Reactive aggression
Extreme acts of aggression (like murder)
Violence
Strong feelings of displeasure in response to a
perceived injury
Anger
Negative, antagonistic attitude toward
another person or group
Hostility
Evolutionary Psychology explains aggression through _________
Successful fighting/warfare = improved reproductive
success
Ainsworth & Maner, 2014 on men and reproductive success and aggression found that ___________
If aggression in men is
about reproductive success,
then threats to reproductive
success may result in
aggression
heritability explains about a third to a half of the variation in our _______
agression
These two hormones affect agression:
- Testosterone associated with higher
aggression - Serotonin: may restrain impulsive,
reactive acts of aggression
(T/F) low executive functioning leads to higher aggression
true
The cognitive abilities and
processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their
actions
Executive functioning
Albert Bandura would believe that aggression is affected by
learning (Social Learning Theory)
Aggression can be positive as well as negative
reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement: aggression produces desired
outcomes - Negative reinforcement: aggression prevents/stops
undesirable outcomes
Physical force (e.g., spanking or hitting) intended to
cause a child pain—but not injury—for the purpose of
controlling or correcting the child’s behavior
Corporal Punishment
The transmission of domestic
violence across generations
Cycle of violence
involves intentional harm (physical or psychological),
repetition (the victim is targeted many times), and a power
imbalance
Bullying
Bullying is universal in virtually all cultures (T/F)
True
A culture that emphasizes
honor and social status,
particularly for males, and the
role of aggression in protecting
that honor leads to
higher rates of aggression to protect honor
Men ALWAYS MORE VIOLENT THAN WOMEN ACROSS ALL CULTURES
Trueee
The tendency to perceive hostile
intent in others
Hostile attribution bias
A feeling that occurs when interrupted in progress
toward an expected goal
Frustration
Frustration always elicits the
motive to aggress; all aggression is caused by frustration
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Aggressing against a substitute because we can’t
aggress against the source frustration due to fear or lack of access
Displacement
Reducing the motive to aggress when we imagine
aggression, observe aggression, or aggress
Catharsis
Negative feelings do not cause aggression (T/F)
False
The tendency for the presence of
guns to increase aggression
Weapons effect
Berkowitz & LePage did a study on the weapons effect where when a gun was in front of a person instead of a badminton racket, they ____________
were more likely to give stronger shocks to another when not told too
In aggression context, repeatedly thinking
about /reliving an anger-inducing event, focusing on
angry thoughts and feelings, and perhaps
planning/imagining revenge
Rumination
(T/F) Alcohol is a huge risk factor for agression
true
Violent Pornography increases aggression while no-violent does not (T/F)
True
People who
already score high on known risk factors of sexual
aggression who consume any type of pornography
increases risk of sexually aggressive attitudes and
behaviors
Confluence model of sexual aggression
Four Interventions to Reduce Aggression
- Self-control: techniques to control simple impulses
- Cognitive reappraisal: interpret provocations in less emotional terms
- Cognitive control: emotion regulation in response
- Mindfulness: accept physical and mental experiences
One of the most successful
treatment programs for
violent juvenile delinquents
* Addresses persons’ problems
at different levels, including
adolescents’ needs and the
contexts in which they are
embedded (e.g., family,
peer, school, etc.)
Multisystemic Therapy
occurs when commitment to a failing course of action is increased to justify investments already made
escalation effect
