Agrarian Reform

Question 1

During the American colonization, how did the colonial government try to solve the agrarian problem?

Answer 1

By purchasing friar lands from religious corporations and selling them to tenants.

Question 2

How did the agrarian problem worsen during the American period?

Answer 2

Many tenants resorted to armed means to get back their lands. They claimed that their land, and that of their ancestors’, had been claimed by landlords with “land titles”.

Question 3

These uprisings prompted the government to address agrarian problems:

Answer 3

• The Tayug Uprising in Pangasinan (1931)
• The Sakdalista Uprising (1935)

Question 4

What did President Quezon espouse in an attempt to stop agrarian unrest and alleviate farmers’ poverty?

Answer 4

Social Justice

Question 5

Quezon’s program was in line with ______ of the 1935 Constitution which states:

“The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and economic security of all people should be the concern of the State.”

Answer 5

Article II, Section 5

Question 6

This law amended the Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045 of 1933 and provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant relationships with regard to ricelands.

Answer 6

Commonwealth Act No. 178

Question 7

This was created in 1936 to control the prices of rice and corn which benefited farmers and consumers.

Answer 7

National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)

Question 8

An office created in 1939 was mandated to facilitate the sale or lease of haciendas to tenants.

Answer 8

Rural Program Administration

Question 9

Why were the social justice programs of the Commonwealth Government not enforced?

Answer 9

Legislation was thwarted by landowning legislators in the Commonwealth National Assembly who would be affected by these laws.

Question 10

A movement spearheaded by former members of this group that made agrarian unrest a part of a full-blown revolt

Answer 10

Formerly Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon HUKBALAHAP; renamed to Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan

Question 11

During the Roxas Administration, this law established 70-30 sharing arrangements between landlords and tenants. It also regulated share-tenancy contracts.

Answer 11

R.A. No. 34

Question 12

During the Roxas Administration, this law provided security to tenants from arbitrary ejectment from the land they cultivated.

Answer 12

R.A. No. 55

Question 13

President Elpidio Quirino, in Executive Order No. 355, replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with this organization.

This new organization also took over the:

• Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation
• Rice and Corn Production Administration

Answer 13

Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO)

Question 14

President Magsaysay signed Republic Act No. 1199 or _____ which governed tenant-landowner relationship by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system.

It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.

Answer 14

Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954

Question 15

R.A. 1400, or _____, created the Land Tenure Administration to handle the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.

Answer 15

Land Reform Act of 1955

Question 16

RA No. 821, or _____, created an agricultural bank that provided small farmers and share tenants with low-interest loans.

Answer 16

Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration

Question 17

President Diosdado Macapagal signed RA No. 3844, or _____, which was hailed as one that would emancipate Filipino farmers from tenancy.

Provisions included:

• abolition of share tenancy
• provided for the leasing of agrarian lands to farmers
• set a retention limit of 75 hectares for landowners
• invested rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers
• administrative machinery and judicial system for agrarian cases
• incorporated extension, marketing, and supervised credit system of services for farmer beneficiaries

Answer 17

Agricultural Land Reform Code

Question 18

Marcos declared the entire country a land reform area through:

Answer 18

Presidential Decree No. 2

Question 19

Marcos signed the Code of Agrarian Reform which created the _____. This organization began efforts to implement land reforms with full government support.

Answer 19

Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)

Question 20

DAR was renamed to:

Answer 20

Ministry of Agrarian Reform

Question 21

Marcos signed _____ which provided for tenanted lands devoted to rich and corn to pass ownership to tenants, and lowered the ceiling for landholding to 7 hectares.

Answer 21

Presidential Decree No. 27

Question 22

In 1988, President Aquino signed Republic Act No. 6657, or _____, which to offer a lawful basis for the implementation of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program or CARP

Answer 22

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law or CARL

Question 23

Aquino issued _____, which gave full ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27.

Answer 23

Executive Order No. 228

Question 24

Aquino issued _____, which provided a mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

Answer 24

Executive Order No. 229

Question 25

• Instituted the CARP as a major program of the government.
• Provided for an Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of ₱50 billion allocated to cover the costs of the program from 1987-1992

Answer 25

Proclamation No. 131

Question 26

Streamlined and expanded the power and operations of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)

Answer 26

Executive Order No. 129-A

Question 27

Acceleration of the acquisition and distribution of lands (agricultural, pasture, fishponds, agroforestry, etc.) suitable for agriculture

Answer 27

Executive Order No. 407

Question 28

Thoughts regarding the Aquino Administration:

Answer 28

• It can be argued that certain portions of the agrarian reform were influenced by Cory and her background as a privileged daughter whose family owned one of the largest haciendas in Luzon.
• It can be argued that Cory’s version of agrarian reform benefited her family’s hacienda and not the tenants of these haciendas.

Question 29

Under Fidel Ramos, this strengthened the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program through the development of irrigation facilities and other infrastructure and extending help to farmers and landowners among other things.

Answer 29

RA No. 7905

Question 30

Republic Act No. 8532, or _____, which mandates an additional ₱50 billion for CARP and an extension of its implementation for another 10 years (until 2008

Answer 30

Agrarian Reform Fund Bill

Question 31

Through this program, Estrada ordered the DAR to plan joint projects that connected private investors to the agrarian sectors

Answer 31

Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo (MAGKASAKA)

Question 32

Under Estrada, this order consolidated small farms into medium or large-scale enterprises, which qualified them for long-term capital.

Answer 32

Executive Order No. 151

Question 33

Under Arroyo, this added jurisdiction over the Philippine Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP) and the recognition of the ownership of ancestral lands, furthering the government’s power and influence over lands.

Answer 33

Executive Order No. 364

Question 34

• The Department of Land Reform reverted its name to the Department of Agrarian Reform
• Considered the important factors for agrarian reform to promote beneficial activities for the agricultural sector.

Answer 34

Executive Order No. 456

Question 35

• Extended the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program for another five years, beginning July 2009.
• Allotted ₱150 billion for the acquisition and distribution of 1.6 million hectares of land for 1.2 million beneficiaries and the provision of support for farmers.

Answer 35

Republic Act No. 9700

Question 36

Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) showed lackluster performance in land redistribution and several areas of function under this administration

• The priorities of the Department of Agriculture (DA) were focused on the agribusiness sector, which made the DAR the sole department responsible for supporting farmers in agricultural production.
• The farmers supported by the DAR also had to compete with an influx of foreign agricultural products, further straining the program and the individual farmers that depended on it.

Answer 36

Benigno Aquino III Administration