Aging, Alzheimers, MS & Parkinsons Flashcards
What is Hormesis?
Small stresses that trigger a reaction in body cells which increases health span
Alloststic load / Overload theory
Social, psychological, lifestyle and nutritional factor all interact with our genes to create either:
a healthy resilience to aging, or
accelerated deterioration
What is mitochondrial theory?
Excessive oxidative stress in mitochondria leads to mtDNA mutations, reduced ATP and energy.
Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to apoptosis and is linked to:
MS, Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s disease
What is inflamaging?
Chronic low grade inflammation increases as we age leading to age related diseases.
The result of pathological stimulation of the innate immune system
Pathogens, Damaged tissues, altered microbiome, antibiotics, steroids and antihistamines all promote chronic inflammation
What is Nrf2?
A transcription factor which senses cellular stress and responds by upregulating genes that produce endogenous antioxidants
How does Nrf2 trigger a positive reaction in the body to cellular stress?
Nrf2 attaches too the antioxidant response element (ARE) within DNA and increases the expression of:
Glutathione enzymes
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
Phase II detoxification enzymes
How does calorie restriction and exercise exert anti aging effects?
By depleting cellular energy, activating AMPK (a pro longevity protein) & activating sirtuins (SIRT 1-7) a family of anti aging proteins
What is Mitophagy?
The autophagy of mitochondria
What are the 9 key signatures of aging?
Genome instability
Telomere shortening
Epigenetic alterations
Loss of protein regulation and disposal
Insulin resistance
Cell senescence
Stem cell loss
Altered intercellular communication
