AGGRESSION - institutional aggression Flashcards
what is institutional aggression considered due to?
situational factors such as aggression stemming from social situation, or dispositional factors where the aggression stem from personality factors
what is aggression in institutions?
is a significant problem with high assault rates particularly in prison
what are two explanations offered for this with aggression in institutions?
the importation model,deprivation model
what claimed the importation model?
irwin & cressey
what are prisoners seen as when entering?
not seen as blank states when entering and anything they considered normal in the outside world even if violence will be imported in the prison
what may affect the level of aggression displayed in prison?
many pre existing factors - alcohol addiction,race,age
many of the prisoners may be coming from?
subcultures within society and these may see violence/aggression that is valued/respected therefore reinforcing attitudes in prison
what is another explanation for institutional aggression?
deprivation model
what does the deprivation model propose?
that aggression by prisoners or patients the product is the product of the stressful and oppressive conditions of insitution and deprivation they face inside setting
who outlined the deprivations?
syke
how many deprivations are there that arrive out of institutions?
5
what are the 5 types of deprivations?
deprivation of liberty, autonomy, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, security
what is meant by deprivation of liberty?
not trusted to live in free world like normal people,emphaised more through numbers, prison forms, and loss of civil rights
what is meant by deprivation of autonomy?
no power in making own choices, actions controlled= prisoners helpless and fustrated and aggression
what is meant by deprivation of goods and services?
western cultures emphasise on materialisitcs possessions make dep harder to handle and sense of failure fustration thus anger
what is meant by deprivation of heterosexual relationships?
female compan important for men for self identity but loses self worth inrease of homo increases anxiety due to fear
what is by deprivation of security?
fear for own safety with other inmate who aggressive = more easier to act on aggression
what do the deprivations lead to?
stress and more aggressive to reduce stress and obtain resources
what is anger in prison for some?
way of gaining control
support for importation model on situational factors such as race age education etc?
harer & steffensmeler irwin & cressey mccorkle et al nijman et al cheeseman
study for deprivation model?
mccorkle et al
haslam & rechler
what happened in harer & steffensmeler?
collected data from 58 us prisons
findings for harer & steffensmeler?
black inmates higher rates of violent behaviours yet lower rates in alcohol related and drug related misconducted than white in- match racial differences and support importation model suggesting personality traits imported into prison settings- argued that groups may turn to be subjected to segregation and abuse then respond aggressive in defence rather than instigate-occurring in both with society and instit correla- cause and effect unkown variables
what happened in irwin & cressey?
one time offenders percieved by other prisoners as straights
what did irwin & cressey highlight?
fact that they reject other more aggressive prisoner structures suggesting aggression imported by certain types of inmates
what happened in mccorkle et al?
overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity all increased levels of peer violence supporting deprivation model
opposing study for mccorkle et al?
nijman et al
what happened in nijman et al?
found icnreased personal space given to psychiatric patients in prisons did little to decrease violence. possible thru psychiatric problems such patients suffered could have ben acting as cofounding variables
what did cheeseman find?
lot of prison aggression there is lack of real purpose or goals other than to reduce stressoutlining factors of deprivation can lead to stress which then expresses itself as violence
what happened in mccorkle et al for deprivation?
examined individ and collective acts of aggression in over 370 prisons
what did mccorkle et al for deprivation suggest?
found that deprivation model did not adequately explain prison violence rates indeed there was a stronger link btw prison adminsistrive practices and levels of violence
what happened in haslam & relcher?
reported in bbc prison study which based on zimbardo ps behaviour better understood in terms of social identity theory which saw behaviour occuring due to in group and out group reference points (us and them)- in study believed p behaviour could not be explained due to purely to allotted roles alone
issues and debates for institutional aggression?
nature v nurture, gender bias, determinstic,methodological problems
why nature v nurture?
some exp see aggression as product of personality traits that imported into prisons due to nature others see as environment due to prison setting making aggression e.g nurture
why gender bias?
exlusively mainly on male prisoners are may very well have diff profiles to female prisoner e.d female often strong bonds with other members than identify with subculutres therefore females may be diff to males
why determinsitic?
both models ignore role of free will on managing own behaviours. assume due to personality f or enviornmental when not always the case
why methodological probs?
much prison aggression little exp for it making it difficult to conduct research e.g light et al found 25% of prison had no apparent reason behind them therefore due to m p associted with measuring aggression measuring = difficult
