AGGRESSION - institutional aggression

Question 1

what is institutional aggression considered due to?

Answer 1

situational factors such as aggression stemming from social situation, or dispositional factors where the aggression stem from personality factors

Question 2

what is aggression in institutions?

Answer 2

is a significant problem with high assault rates particularly in prison

Question 3

what are two explanations offered for this with aggression in institutions?

Answer 3

the importation model,deprivation model

Question 4

what claimed the importation model?

Answer 4

irwin & cressey

Question 5

what are prisoners seen as when entering?

Answer 5

not seen as blank states when entering and anything they considered normal in the outside world even if violence will be imported in the prison

Question 6

what may affect the level of aggression displayed in prison?

Answer 6

many pre existing factors - alcohol addiction,race,age

Question 7

many of the prisoners may be coming from?

Answer 7

subcultures within society and these may see violence/aggression that is valued/respected therefore reinforcing attitudes in prison

Question 8

what is another explanation for institutional aggression?

Answer 8

deprivation model

Question 9

what does the deprivation model propose?

Answer 9

that aggression by prisoners or patients the product is the product of the stressful and oppressive conditions of insitution and deprivation they face inside setting

Question 10

who outlined the deprivations?

Answer 10

syke

Question 11

how many deprivations are there that arrive out of institutions?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

what are the 5 types of deprivations?

Answer 12

deprivation of liberty, autonomy, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, security

Question 13

what is meant by deprivation of liberty?

Answer 13

not trusted to live in free world like normal people,emphaised more through numbers, prison forms, and loss of civil rights

Question 14

what is meant by deprivation of autonomy?

Answer 14

no power in making own choices, actions controlled= prisoners helpless and fustrated and aggression

Question 15

what is meant by deprivation of goods and services?

Answer 15

western cultures emphasise on materialisitcs possessions make dep harder to handle and sense of failure fustration thus anger

Question 16

what is meant by deprivation of heterosexual relationships?

Answer 16

female compan important for men for self identity but loses self worth inrease of homo increases anxiety due to fear

Question 17

what is by deprivation of security?

Answer 17

fear for own safety with other inmate who aggressive = more easier to act on aggression

Question 18

what do the deprivations lead to?

Answer 18

stress and more aggressive to reduce stress and obtain resources

Question 19

what is anger in prison for some?

Answer 19

way of gaining control

Question 20

support for importation model on situational factors such as race age education etc?

Answer 20

harer & steffensmeler
irwin & cressey
mccorkle et al
nijman et al
cheeseman

Question 21

study for deprivation model?

Answer 21

mccorkle et al

haslam & rechler

Question 22

what happened in harer & steffensmeler?

Answer 22

collected data from 58 us prisons

Question 23

findings for harer & steffensmeler?

Answer 23

black inmates higher rates of violent behaviours yet lower rates in alcohol related and drug related misconducted than white in- match racial differences and support importation model suggesting personality traits imported into prison settings- argued that groups may turn to be subjected to segregation and abuse then respond aggressive in defence rather than instigate-occurring in both with society and instit correla- cause and effect unkown variables

Question 24

what happened in irwin & cressey?

Answer 24

one time offenders percieved by other prisoners as straights

Question 25

what did irwin & cressey highlight?

Answer 25

fact that they reject other more aggressive prisoner structures suggesting aggression imported by certain types of inmates

Question 26

what happened in mccorkle et al?

Answer 26

overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity all increased levels of peer violence supporting deprivation model

Question 27

opposing study for mccorkle et al?

Answer 27

nijman et al

Question 28

what happened in nijman et al?

Answer 28

found icnreased personal space given to psychiatric patients in prisons did little to decrease violence. possible thru psychiatric problems such patients suffered could have ben acting as cofounding variables

Question 29

what did cheeseman find?

Answer 29

lot of prison aggression there is lack of real purpose or goals other than to reduce stressoutlining factors of deprivation can lead to stress which then expresses itself as violence

Question 30

what happened in mccorkle et al for deprivation?

Answer 30

examined individ and collective acts of aggression in over 370 prisons

Question 31

what did mccorkle et al for deprivation suggest?

Answer 31

found that deprivation model did not adequately explain prison violence rates indeed there was a stronger link btw prison adminsistrive practices and levels of violence

Question 32

what happened in haslam & relcher?

Answer 32

reported in bbc prison study which based on zimbardo ps behaviour better understood in terms of social identity theory which saw behaviour occuring due to in group and out group reference points (us and them)- in study believed p behaviour could not be explained due to purely to allotted roles alone

Question 33

issues and debates for institutional aggression?

Answer 33

nature v nurture, gender bias, determinstic,methodological problems

Question 34

why nature v nurture?

Answer 34

some exp see aggression as product of personality traits that imported into prisons due to nature others see as environment due to prison setting making aggression e.g nurture

Question 35

why gender bias?

Answer 35

exlusively mainly on male prisoners are may very well have diff profiles to female prisoner e.d female often strong bonds with other members than identify with subculutres therefore females may be diff to males

Question 36

why determinsitic?

Answer 36

both models ignore role of free will on managing own behaviours. assume due to personality f or enviornmental when not always the case

Question 37

why methodological probs?

Answer 37

much prison aggression little exp for it making it difficult to conduct research e.g light et al found 25% of prison had no apparent reason behind them therefore due to m p associted with measuring aggression measuring = difficult