Aggression and bullying

Question 1

Define aggression

Answer 1

destructive behaviour that is socially defined as aggression (must incl. intent to harm)

Question 2

Types of aggression

Answer 2

hostile - reactive

instrumental - proactive

Question 3

Hostility vs anger

Answer 3

hostility = attitude
anger = emotion

Question 4

Trait theory of aggression

Answer 4

aggression is innate and stable across the lifetime

Question 5

Drive theory

Answer 5

Freud - catharsis hypothesis

Question 6

Sociocognitive influences

Answer 6

modelling
enactive experience
direct tuition

Question 7

Sociocognitive regulators

Answer 7

social expectations
self expectations
self-efficacy beliefs

Question 8

Information processing model

Answer 8

1. encode social skills
2. interpret
3. formulate social goals
4. generate problem solving strategies
5. evaluate effectiveness
6. enact a response

Question 9

Patterson’s acquisition of aggression model

Answer 9

learn via negative reinforcement from parents who use an authoritarian style

Question 10

Parenting influences on acquisition of aggression

Answer 10

inconsistent parental discipline and severe punishment increase likelihood of aggressive children

Question 11

Egan + Perry victimisation hypothesis

Answer 11

low self regard and abusive treatment are self-reinforcing

Question 12

Types of peer victimisation

Answer 12

physical
verbal
relational
cyber

Question 13

Peer factors in victimisation

Answer 13

peer group status
minority status
few friends
poor quality friendships

Question 14

Family factors in victimisation

Answer 14

overprotected children
enmeshed relationships
poor parent-child communication

Question 15

Psychological outcomes of peer victimisation

Answer 15

depression (highest with cyber)
anxiety
low self-esteem
acting out
school refusal
suicidal ideation (increasing with cyber)

Question 16

Personal mediators of depressive outcomes

Answer 16

Coping skills

coping self-efficacy beliefs

Question 17

What are the four coping self-efficacy domains?

Answer 17

Cognitive
- SE for avoiding self-blame
- victim-role disengagement
Behavioural
- SE for proactive behaviour
- SE for avoiding aggressive behaviour

Question 18

Mediating factors between cyber bullying and poor MH outcomes

Answer 18

coping strategies and emotional regulation

Question 19

Definition of bullying

Answer 19

repeated and prolonged exposure to negative actions on the part of one or more peers (needs to involve imbalance of power)

Question 20

Bullying participant roles

Answer 20

bully
reinforcer
assistant
victim
defender of the victim
outsider

Question 21

Bystander effect prevalance

Answer 21

80-90% of students passively witness bullying

Question 22

Cyber bullying

Answer 22

occur online, doesn’t have to be repeated

Question 23

Sutton - causes of bullying

Answer 23

bullies are skilled manipulators

use bullying to achieve goals

Question 24

Crick and Dodge - causes of bullying

Answer 24

bullies are oafs

have deficient information processing biases

Question 25

Moral disengagement

Answer 25

selective disengagemnt of internal controls which permits different types of conduct with the same moral standards

Question 26

Mechanisms of moral disengagment

Answer 26

moral justification
euphemistic language
advantageous comparison
displacement of responsibility
diffusion of responsibility 
consequence distortion
attribution of blame 
dehumanisation

Question 27

Moderators of the MD-bullying link

Answer 27

empathetic concern

mindfulness

Question 28

MD and defenders

Answer 28

MD = aggressive defenders

no MD = constructive defenders

Question 29

MD and bullying roles

Answer 29

// all types except bystander

Question 30

Collective MD

Answer 30

predicted bullying beyond individual MD