Aggression Flashcards
Irwin and Cressey’s theory…
IMPORTATION MODEL. They claimed that prisoners bring their own social histories and traits with them into prison.
3 different subcultures…
The criminal subculture. The convict subculture. The conventional subculture.
Harer and Steffensmieier (supporting evidence for the importation model)
Collected data from 58 US prisons and found that black inmates had higher rates of violence, but lower rates of alcohol/drug abuse than white inmates. (parallels between racial groups and behaviours)
Situational factors (affecting deprivation) Sykes
policies within the prison, procedures, security, recources, temperature, crowding etc.
Staub (5 stages of genocide)
- Difficult social conditions. 2. Scapegoating the less powerful group. 3. negative evaluation and dehumanisation of that group. 4. Morals become irrelevant (killing begins.) 5. Passivity of bystanders.
Failure of intervention of genocide in real world…
Conflicts in the UN have not been stopped even when there have been interventions from outside agencies.
Implications for the real world form Staub’s research…
Look for the warning signals and try and stop it before it starts. We can see this being the case in places such as Syria for example, as watching for the warning signs could have prevented much of the conflict.
What is cuckoldry?
Cuckoldry is a reproductive cost which can be inflicted on a man as a result of his partner’s infidelity.
Buss
Strategies if a male fears cuckoldry= restricting their partner’s autonomy (guarding), threatening their partner, or emotional manipulation.
Dobash and Dobash
Supported that sexual jealousy was found to be the main cause for why husbands/boyfriends had beaten up their female partners.
Felson
Found in a large US study of 2,060 murders, that women were twice as likely to murder out of jealousy than men.
Burch and Gallup
Found that the frequency of violent acts towards pregnant mates was around double those directed at mates who weren’t pregnant. (sexual jealousy was identified as being a characteristic in all males who committed these crimes.)
Group display in sports can be seen as?
‘Ritualised aggression.’
what is xenophobia?
Fear or hatred towards foreigners/strangers.
What did Wilson suggest?
Wilson suggested that it is due to natural selection that we therefore feel more protective towards the members of our own group, especially when in the face of outsiders, which has developed from an evolutionary perspective.
Example of threat displays in sports
Samoa adopted a war chant before the 1991 Rugby World Cup to try and intimidate their opponents and make the home team more aggressive towards them.
Neave and Wolfson
Found that home teams are more likely to win than the visiting teams because the players have a huge urge in testosterone before the match.
Chagnon
Reviewed that male warriors as opposed to non-warriors in traditional societies, tend to have more sexual partners and children. (Therefore direct reproductive benefit?)
Bandura
2 groups of pps. (made up of children ages 3-5 years) one group- video (adult and bobo doll- aggression) other group- no aggression. made to feel frustrated. Found that children in the first group reproduced the same aggressive behaviour.
Noble
Quote heard after Bandura’s study= “Look Mummy, there’s the doll we’re supposed to hit.”
Phillips
Found that daily homicide rates in the US almost always increased in the week following a major boxing match.
Miles and Carey
Large meta-analysis. Looked at 24 twin and adoption studies, which found that there is a strong genetic link with aggressive behaviours, which could account for as much as 50% variance in aggression. Found that as age increased, the influence of the environment they were reared in tended to decrease, whereas the influence of their genes increased.
What is MAOA?
MAOA is a protein which is associated with aggression, as it has often been found to lower aggression levels. Works with serotonin in the brain, to keep the levels regular. (high levels of serotonin= cause aggression.)
Brunner (support for MAOA)
Studied a dutch family. All the male members who had taken part in violent/aggressive crime had abnormally low levels of MAOA, and he found a defect in this gene. (gender bias?)
