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Toxicology > Agents And Their Effects > Flashcards

Agents And Their Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Substances that cause wide anion gap

A

CAT MUD PILES

Cyanide, CO, Colchicine

Alcohol, Alc ketoacidosis, apap

Toulene

Methanol, Metformin

Uraemia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Paraldehyde

INH, Iron

Lactic Acidosis

Ethylene glycol

Salicylates

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2
Q

Cholinergic or vagotonic agents that cause bradycardia or AV Block

A

DOP

Digtalis Glycosides
Organophosphates and carbamates
Physostigmine , neostigmine

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3
Q

Membrane Depressant Drugs that cause bradycardia or AV Block

A

QTEP

Propranolol
Encainide and Flecainide
Quinidine and other type la antiarythmics
TCA

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4
Q

Sympatholytics that cause bradycardia or AV block

A

CBO

Clonidine
Beta Blockers
Opioids

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5
Q

Misc drugs that cause bradycardia or av block

A

G-CLIP

Grayanotoxin (Mad Honey)
Calcium blocker, carbamazepine
Lithium
Ivabradine
Phenylpronaolamine and other alpha agonists

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6
Q

Toxins that cause QRS prolongation

A

Bupropion
Chloroquine and related agents
Cocaine (high dose)
Digitalis glycosides
Diphenhydramine (High Dose)
Encainide and Felcainide
Hyperkalemia
Lamotrigine
Phenothiazines
Propoxyphene
Propanolol
quinidine and other Ia anitarrythmics
TCA
Venlafaxine

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7
Q

Sympathomimetics that cause Tachycardia

A

Amphetamine and derivatives
Caffeine
Cocaine
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
PCP
Theophylline

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8
Q

Anticholinergics that cause tachycardia

A

amanita muscaria mushrooms
Antihistamines
Atropine and other antichols
Phenothiazines
Plants
TCA

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9
Q

Other drugs that cause tachycardia

A

Ethanol, Sedative-hypnotics, or opioid withdrawl
Vasodilators
Thyroid hormone

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10
Q

Drugs that cause ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation

A

Aconitine
Amphetamines
Aromatic HCs/inhalants
Barium
Bupropion
Caffeine and theophylline
Chloral Hydrate
Chlorinated or fluorinated HC solvents
Cocaine
Digitalias
Fluoride/Hydrofluoric acid
Grayantoxin
Lamotrigine,
Phenothiazines
Theophylline
TCA

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11
Q

Drugs that can cause Torsades

A

Amiodarone
Arsenic
Bepridil
Cesium
Chloroquine
Chlorpromazine
Cipro, Clarithromycin, Cocaine
Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Donepezil, Droperidol
erythromycin, Escitalopram
Flecainide, Fluconazole
Haloperidol, Hydroxchloroquine
Ibutillide
Levofloxacin, loperamide
Metoclopramide, methadone, moxifloxacin
Ondansetron
Pentamidine, Pimozide, Propofol, Procainamide
Organophosphate insectcides
Quinidine
Sevoflurane
Sotalol
Thallium
Thioridazine

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12
Q

Sympatholytics that cause hypotension with relative bradycardia

A

Beta Blockers
Clonidine and Methyldopa
Opioids
Hypothermia
Opioids
Reserpine
Tetrahydrozoline and oxymetaxzoline

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13
Q

Membrane depressant drugs that cause hypotension

A

Bupropion
Encainide and flecainide
quininide, procainamide, disopyramide
propoxyphene
Proranolol
TCA

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14
Q

Misc drugs that cause hypotension

A

Barbiturates
Calcium Blockers
Cyanide
Fluoride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Organophosphates and carbamates
Sedative-hypnotics
Timicosin

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15
Q

Drugs that cause hypotension with tachycardia and fluid loss or third spacing

A

Amatoxin-containing mushrooms
Arsenic
Colchicine
Copper Sulfate
Corrosive/Caustic ingestion
Glyphosate/Surfactant herbicides
Hyperthermia
Iron
Paraquat/diquat
Rattlesnake envenomation
Sedative-hypnotics

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16
Q

Agents that cause hypotension through peripheral venous or arterial dilation

A

Alpha blockers
Beta agonists
Caffeine and theophylline
Calcium Blockers
Cyanide
Disulfiram
Ethanol
Hydralazine, hyperthermia
minoxidil
nitrites
Sodium Nitroprusside
Phosphides, Phenothiazines
Quetiapine
Scomrboid
TCA

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17
Q

Agents that cause hypertension with tachycardia

A

Amphetamines and derivatives
Cocaine
Epedrine and pseudoephedrine
Epinephrine
Levodopa, LSD
Marijuana
MAOI
Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids

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18
Q

Agents that cause hypertension with bradycardia or AV block

A

Clonidine, Tetrahydrozoline, and oxymetazoline
Ergot derivatives
Methoxamine
Norepinephrine
Phenylephrine
Phenylpropanolamine

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19
Q

Anticholinergics that cause htn

A

Antihistamines
atropine and other antichols
TCA

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20
Q

Other agents that cause htn

A

Ethanol/sedative withdrawl
Nicotine (early stage)
Organophosphates (early stage)

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21
Q

Agents that cause Hypoxia Via Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

A

Beta Blockers
CCB
Stimulant Cardiomyopathy
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
TCAs

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22
Q

Drugs that cause paralysis of ventilatory muscles

A

Botulism toxin
Neuromuscular blockers
Nicotine
Organophosphates and carbamates
Saxitoxin
Seizures
Snakebite
Strychnine and tetanus
Tetrodotoxin
Warfare nerve gases

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23
Q

Drugs/toxins that cause depression of central respiratory drive

A

Antihistamines
Barbiturates
Clonidine and sympatholytics
Ethanol and alcohols
GHb
Opioids
Phenothiazines and other antipsychotics
Sedatives hypnotics
Skeletal muscle relaxers
TCAs

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24
Q

Inert gases that cause Hypoxia

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane and Propane
Nitroge

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25
Q

Agents that cause Cellular Hypoxia

A

CO
Cyanide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methemoglobinemia
Sulfhemoglobinemia

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26
Q

Agents that cause Hypoxia via Pneumonia or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Aspiration of gastric contents
Aspiration of hydrocarbons
Chlorine and other irritant gases
Cocaine
E-cigs/vaping
Ethylene glycol
Hydrogen Sulfide
Mercury Vapor
Metal Fumes
Nitrogen dioxide
Opioids
Paraquat
Phosgene
Salicylates
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
Smoke Inhalation

27
Q

General CNS Depressants that cause COMA or stupor

A

Anticholingerics, Antihistamines, Antipsych
Baclofen, Barbiturates, Benzos
Carbamazepine
Ethanol and other alchols
GHB
Opioids
Sedative-Hypnotics
TCA and other antidep
Valproic ACid

28
Q

Sympatholytics that cause COMA or Stupor

A

Clonidine, Tetrahydrozoline, and Oxymetazoline
Methyldopa

29
Q

Misc drugs that cause coma or stupor

A

APAP (Massive Ing)
Bromide
Diquat, Disulfiram
Hypoglycemia
Ifosfamide
Lead, Lithium
NSAIDs
Phencyclidine
Salicylates

30
Q

Agents that cause hypothermia

A

Barbiturates
Ethanol and other alchs
Hypoglycemic agents
Opioids
Phenothiazines
Sedative-Hypnotics
TCAs
Vasodilators

31
Q

Agents that cause hyperthermia through excessive muscular hyperactivity, rigidity or seizures

A

Amoxapine
Amphetamines and derivatives (inc MDMA)
Cathinones (Bath salts)
Cocaine
Lithium
LSD
Maprotiline
MAO-I
PCP
TCA’s

32
Q

Drugs that cause hyperthermia by increasing metabolic rate

A

Dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol
Salicylates
Thyroid Hormone/Thyrotoxicosis

33
Q

Drugs that cause hyperthermia by impaired heat dissipation or disrupted thermoregulation

A

Amoxapine
Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Phenothiazines and other antipsychs
TCA

34
Q

Misc Agents that cause hyperthermia

A

Exertional Heatstroke
Malignant Hyperthermia
Metal Fume fever
NMS
Serotonin Syndrome
Withdrawl from Carbidopa/Levodopa or bromocrimptine
Withdrawl from Baclofen, ethanol, or sedative-hypnotics

35
Q

Adrenergic-Sympathomimetic agents that cause seizures

A

Amphetamines and derivatives (MDMA)
Caffeine and theophylline
Cocaine, cannabinoids
Ephedrine
PCP, Phenylproanolamine
Synthetic Cathinones

36
Q

Anti-depressants and antipsychs that cause seizures

A

Amoxapine
Bupropion
Haloperidol and Droperidol
Loxapine, Clozapine, Olanzapine
Phenothiazines
SNRIs
TCA
Venlafaxine

37
Q

Misc agents that cause seizures

A

4-aminopyridine
Antihistamines
Boric Acid
Camphor, Carbamazepine, Cellular Hypoxia, Chlorinated HCs, Cholinergics, Cicutoxin, Citrate, Cyanide
DEET
Ergot Alkaloids, Ethylene Glycol
Fipronil, Fluoride, Foscamet
GHB
Ifosfamide, INH
Lamotrigine, Lead, lidocaine, Lithium
Mefenamic Acid, Meperidine, Metaldehyde, Methanol, Methyl Bromide
Organochlorines
Phenols, Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam, Propranolol
Salicylates, Strychnine
Tetramine, Tiagabine, Tramadol
Withdrawl from ethanol or sedative-hypnotics

38
Q

Agents that cause predominant confusion or delirium

A

Amantadine, Acyclovir/valacyclovir, anticholinergics, Anticonvulsants, antihistamines

Bromide

CO

Disulfiram

Fluoroquinolones

Ifosfamide

Lead, Levodopa, Lidocaine, Lithium

Salicylates

Withdrawl from ethanol or sedative-hypnotics

39
Q

Agents that cause predominant agitation or psychosis

A

Amphetamines and derivatives

Bupropion

Caffeine/Theophylline, Cycloserine

Dextromethorphan

LSD

Marijuana, Mercury

PCP, Phenibut

SSRI’s, Steroids, Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids

Vitamin A toxicity

Vitamin B Deficiency

40
Q

Drugs/Toxins that cause Dystonia and akathisia

A

Haloperidol and droperidol
Metoclopramide
Phenothiazines (Prochlorperazine)
Ziprasidone and other atypical antipsychotics agents

41
Q

Drugs/Agents that cause rigidity

A

Black Widow Spider Bite
Baclofen (both toxicity and withdrawl)
Lithium
Malignant Hyperthermia, Manganese, Methaqualone, MAO-I
NMS
PCP
Strychnine
Tetanus

42
Q

Drugs/Agents that cause Dyskinesias

A

Amphetamines, Anticholinergic agents, Antihistamines
Bismuth
Caffeine, Carbamazepine, Carisoprodol, Cathinones, Cocaines
GHB
Ketamine
Lithium, Levodopa
PCP
SSRIs
TCA

43
Q

Agents/Toxins that cause Rhabdo due to muscular hyperactivity, rigidity, or seizures

A

Amphetamines and derivatives
Antihistamines and anticholinergics
Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Clozapine and Olanzapine, Cocaine
Lithium
MAO-I
PCP
Seizures, Strychnine
Tetanus, TCA

44
Q

Misc Agents/Toxins that cause Rhabdomylosis

A

CO, Chlorphenoxy herbicides, Colchicine
Ethanol, Ethylene glycol
Gemfibrozil
Haff disease, Hemlock, Hyperthermia, Hypokalemia
Mushrooms (Amantia, Russula, tricholoma species)
Palytoxin
Paraphenylenediamine (hair dye)
Prolonged immobility
Statin
Trauma

45
Q

IgE mediated Anaphylatic Reactions

A

Antisera
Foods (nuts, fish, shellfish)
Hymenoptera and other insect stings
Immunotherapy allergen extracts
Penicillins and other antibiotics
Vaccines

46
Q

Non-IgE mediated reactions

A

NAC (given IV)
Blood Products
Iodinated Contrast Media
Opioids
Scombroid
Tubocurarine

47
Q

Sympatholytics that cause Miosis

A

Antipsychotics
Clonidine and related imidazolines
Opioids
Valproic Acid

48
Q

Cholinergic that cause Miosis

A

Carbamates
Organophosphates
Nicotine
Physostigmine
Pilocarpine

49
Q

Misc that cause Miosis

A

heatstroke
Pontine Infarct
Subarchannoid Hemorrhage

50
Q

Sympathomimetics that cause Mydriasis

A

Amphetamines and derivatives
Cocaine
Dopamine
LSD
MAO-I
Nicotine

51
Q

Anticholinergics that cause Mydriasis

A

Antihistamines
Atropine and Anticholinergics
Carbamazepine
Glutethimide
TCA

52
Q

Retinal Toxins (Fixed dilated pupils)

A

Methanol
Quinine

53
Q

Agents that cause elevated osmol gap

A

Acetone
DMSO
Ethanol, Ethyl Ether, Ethylene Glycol
Glycerol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Magnesium

54
Q

Agents that cause Hyperglycemia

A

Beta Agonists
Caffeine intoxication
Corticosteroids
Dextrose
Diazoxide
Excessive Epinephrine
Fluoroquinolones
Glucagon
Iron Poisoning
Theophylline Intoxication
THiazide diuretics
Vacor

55
Q

Agents that cause hypoglycemia

A

Ackee or Lychee Fruit
Endocrine disorders
Ethanol intoxication
Fasting
Fluoroqinolones
Hepatic Failure
Pentamide
Propanolol Intoxication
Renal Failure
Salicylate intoxication
Streptozocin
Valproic Acid intoxication

56
Q

Agents that cause hypernatremia

A

Cathartic Abuse
Lactulose Therapy
Lithium Therapy
Mannitol
Severe Gastroenteritis
Sodium Bicarbonate or chloride overdose
Valproic Acid

57
Q

Agents that cause Hyponatremia

A

Beer Potomania
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome
Diuretics
Exertional Hyponatremia
Iatrogenic (IV fluids therapy)
SIADH:
- Amitriptyline
- Carbamaz and oxcarbazepine
- Chlorpropamide
- Clofibrate
- MDMA
- Oxytocin
- Phenothiazines

58
Q

Agents that cause Hyperkalemia

A

Acidosis
Adrenal Insufficiency (chronic steroid use)
Beta Blockers
Digtalis Glycosides
Fluoride
Lithium
Potassium
Renal Failure
Rhabdo

59
Q

Agents that cause Hypokalemia

A

Alkalosis
Barium
Beta-Adrenergic drugs
Caffeine
Chlorquine or quinine
Diuretics
Epinephrine
Hypomagnesemia
Licorice
Salicylate Poisoning
Theophylline
Toluene (Chronic)

60
Q

Agents that cause acute renal failure through direct nephrotoxic effect

A

APAP
Acyclovir, Chronic, High Dose
Amanita Phallodies
Amanita Smithiana
Analgesics (ibuprofen, Phenacetin)
ACE Inhibotrs
Aminoglycosides
Bromates
Chlorates
Chlorinated HCs
Cortinarius Species Mushrooms
Cyclosporine
Diquat and Paraquat
EDTA
Ethylene Glycol
Foscarnet
heavy Metals
Indinavir

61
Q

Agents that cause acute renal failure through hemolysis

A

Arsinine
Copper Sulfate
Napthelene
Oxidizing agents

62
Q

Agents that cause acute renal failure through Rhabdo

A

Amphetamines and cocaines
Coma with prolonged immobility
Hyperthermia
PCP
Status Epilepticus
Strychnine

63
Q

Agents that cause hepatic damage

A

APAP, Aminata Phalloides, Arsenic
Carboc Tetrachloride and other chlorinated HCs, Copper
Dimethylformamide
Ethanol
Green Tea Extracts
Gyromitra mushrooms
Halothane
Iron
Kava
Niacin
2-Nitropropane
Phennyroyal Oil, Phenol, Phosphorus, PCBs, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Steroids
Thallium, Troglitazone
Valproic Acid

Toxicology (8 decks)

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