Ageing and Metabolic Bone Conditions Flashcards
what does osteoporosis serum results look like
- calcium
- phosphate
- alkaline phosphatase
- PTH
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D
- calcium = normal
- phosphate = normal
- alkaline phosphatase= normal
- PTH = normal
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D = normal
What does osteomalacia serum results look like
- calcium
- phosphate
- alkaline phosphatase
- PTH
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D
- calcium = decrease
- phosphate = decrease
- alkaline phosphatase = increase
- PTH = increase
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D = decrease
What does paget’s serum results look like
- calcium
- phosphate
- alkaline phosphatase
- PTH
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D
- calcium = normal
- phosphate = normal
- alkaline phosphatase = double increase
- PTH = normal
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D = normal
What does renal failure results look like
- calcium
- phosphate
- alkaline phosphatase
- PTH
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D
- calcium = decrease
- phosphate = increase
- alkaline phosphatase = normal and increase
- PTH = increase
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D = decrease
What does primary hyperparathyroidism look like
- calcium
- phosphate
- alkaline phosphatase
- PTH
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D
- calcium = increase
- phosphate = decrease
- alkaline phosphatase = normal and increase
- PTH = increase
- 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D = normal
what produces alkaline phosphatase
= produced by osteoblasts and liver
decrease what happens to the bone in osteoporosis
- the ratio between unmineralised and mineralised bone remains the same
- more bone is reabsorbed and less bone is made therefore there is less bone
describe what happens to the bone in osteomalacia
- increase in the amount of unmineralised matrix
describe what happens to the bone in a mixture of osteoporosis and osteomalacia
- have less overall amount of bone and more unmineralised bone
- common to have a co-mordbity of them
who is osteoporosis more prevalent in
women
what age do both men and women lose bone mass from
- both lose bone mass from age 40 onwards
- 0.7% a year
when does women bone loss speeds up
In women bone loss speeds up after menopause
2-9% a year
how do you measure bone mineral density
T or Z score from the DEXA scan
What is the T score
number of standard deviations from the mean young (30 yr) same gender and ethnicity
What is the Z score
number of standard deviations from mean aged, same gender and ethnicity
why do women get osteoporosis after menopause
- loose oestrogen which is protective
- oestrogen inhibits osteoclasts and increases the amount of calcium that is absorbed across the gut
what does DEXA scan stand for
dual energy X ray absorptiometry
- results show as a T and Z score
What are DEXA scans used for
- to look a bone mineral density
- when you have a fracture from a low force
what are the T scores of osteopenia between
1 and -2.4
what are the T scores for osteoporosis
Osteoporosis T scores below -2.5
what is the prevalence of osteoporosis in 50 and 80 years old
2% at 50 years
Greater than 25% at 80 years
what does osteoporotic bone looks like
- Bones with a high proportion of trabecular bone more susceptible to osteoporotic bone loss
- bigger gaps between
What two bones are commonly affected by osteoporosis
- vertebral bodies
- femoral neck
what is a compression fracture
- this is when there is a completely collapsed vertebrae body
- due to the weight of the body causing the thin network of fine trabecular to collapse and break
what is the underlying cause of osteoporosis
Relative increase in resorption not matched by formation
In osteoporosis what bone is particularly at risk to loss
Trabecular bone
- greater surface area (10x more surface area)
- this type of bone is in locations that has to respond to new stresses
- once you have thin trabecular you haven’t got the osteoblasts lined up to replace the damaged bone