Age of Revolution Flashcards
Effects of Exploration on the Americas/Encomienda system
Encomienda system- natives are forced to work on spanish land and the spanish were then supposed to take care of the natives’ needs. The system had effects such as culture blending and the spread of Christianity. A new culture develops in the Spanish colonies and mixes European, African, and Native cultures. Many who protest against the Encomienda system are priests and want to convert the Native Americans instead.
Asian response to the Europeans
China develops the Foreign Policy in the 1500s to 1600s. They wanted to limit foreign influences. The Dutch accept China’s restrictions as they become trading partners and Britain refuses to kotow (kneel in front of the emperor and make your head touch the ground nine times). Japan trades with Portugual and 300,000 people converted to Christianity when missionaries traveled to Japan to convert people. Japan made the Closed Country Policy in 1639 where only the Dutch and Chinese are allowed to trade.
Technology that helped lead to the Europeans
Printing press for more books on topics like geography, gunpowder for better weapons such as cannons, and astrolabe so that sailors navigate by using the stars, and the caravel which was the new type of sail that can move against the wind.
Effects of the Columbian Exchange
Exchange between the New & Old World (America and Europe). The effects of the exchange were new foods and animals and the explosion of the global population.
Exploration of Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who was interested in Peru’s Inca empire which was reputed to have even more riches than the Aztecs. The ruler of the Incan empire, Atahualpa, refused to become a Spanish vassal or convert to Chrisitinaity so in response Pizarro captured him and slaughtered thousands of Incas. He and his followers overran the heartland of Inca with superior weapons and diseases and gained Spain a lot of land from South America.
African slave trade
Europeans went to Africa for gold, but the Native Americans were dying to the European diseases so the Africans were imported to replace.
Triangle Trade
Plantation crops sent from the Americas to Europe, manufactured goods sent from Europe to Africa, slaves sent from Africa to the Americas.
System of mercantilism
Aimed at strengthening the national economy, a new system was developed for the competition for trade and empire. The colonies of the nation overseas supplied the resources for the parent country. Strict rules were enforced as all resources belonged to the parent country and no other countries to take the resources.
Life in the Spanish colonies
Noble wealth was being hurt since must of them had land and all the wealth of the nation was coming from trade. The merchants and skilled workers of Europe’s growing cities thrived. Middle-class families enjoyed a comfortable life while hired laborers and those who served the middle and upper classes often lived in crowded quarters on the edge of poverty.
Commerical Revolution
In the 1500s the prices began to rise in many parts of Europe. At the same time there was much more circulation of money. The period in European history when inflation rose rapidly was the price revolution. Trade expanded, more money was supplied, and the push for overseas empires spurred the growth of European capitalism in which businesses were privately owned. New business methods were developed and explored for new ways to create wealth.
Importance of the Printing Press
More books on topics like geography can be distributed. Books on previous discoveries are spread. The invention also contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
Land under the Ottomans
a multinational, multilingual empire, controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.
