age of imperialism Flashcards
what is the definition of Imperialism ?
process by which one state, with superior military strength and more advances technology, imposes its control over the land, resources, and population of a less developed region
what is new imperialism?
a type of foreign policy practiced by European Nations and Japan throughout the 1800 and early 1900s
what was was the process of trade between England and India
- India sends raw materials to England
- then England trans the raw materials into finished goods
- then England sends the foods to Indian market for sale
- Indian market purchase finished goods from England
motives for imperialism
- capitalism required new markets and raw materials
- heated rivalries
- nationalism
- social darwinism and racism
- moral responsibility of a Christian
what is Nationalism
where someone loves there country a lot
how did the industrial revolution get here?
nationalism- large colonies meant power
industrialization- vast access to natural resources and chap labor
humanitarianism- Europeans thought it was their duty to civilize and uplift African people
social darwinism- Survival of the fittest people
how was proud in a country identified?
was based upon the industrial production, military strength, and size of empire.
what are the effects of industrialization
increased population in Europe
great technological advances- military transportation, and communication
continued economic expansion requires more resources and markets
what were the effects of humanitarianism
christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia and fertile ground for converts
- cultural superiority- Europeans must “save” the rest of the world
- Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa
the most important things to note about social darwinism
the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, whole the weak and unfit should be allowed to die
what are the most common forms of Imperial rule
colonies- direct control of another country
- sphere of influence- exclusive privileges that an imperial power has e.g. trading
protectorate- a country which has its own government but whose policies are “guided: by an imperial power in exchange for protection
what are the two types of government control ?
direct rule and indirect rule
what is direct rule as a from of government control?
total government control at all levels e.g.
Paternalism - protecting a colony as a father would protect child
Assimilation - cultures are absorbed by the parent country (policy of the French, Portuguese and Germans)
what is indirect Rule as a from of government control?
indirect rule: do not replace traditional governments, allows more independence
British policy - had too many colonies to assimilate them all
what was the Berlin Conference
it was a way to divide Africa
who started the scramble of Africa ?
King Leopard the second
what specific part of Africa did King leopard claim ?
the Congo as his own kingdom and them started the scramble for African territories
where did the Berlin conference take place?
major nations meet in Germany to divide Africa Diplomatically
what was the result of the Berlin Conference?
resulted was a hodgepodge of geometric boundaries that divided Africa into 50 irregular countries. The new countries lacked rhyme or reason and divided coherent groups of people, or merged together disparate groups who really did not get along.
what did many africans give up during the time of the envasion?
gave up their traditional agriculture to work for European companies. Some worked on rubber plantation or in copper mines. Other built railroads to bring these natural resources to ports where they could be shipped and used in factories.
by 1914 how many independent countries were left in Africa?
two
when the Africans rebelled what were the names of the groups the Europeans killed thousands of?
Yao, zulu, asante, shona, herero, maji-,maji
what were the main developments of African History ?
Africa’s interaction with imperialism
Agricultural changes and new patterns of employment
The origins of African nationalism
