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Neuro-Optometric Rehab > After Test 1 > Flashcards

After Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient with right yoked prisms will have an expansion of visual space where?

A

On the left

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2
Q

For what two conditions would you NOT recommend an add?

A

AE, CI (accommodation excess, convergence insufficiency)

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3
Q

In divergence excess, what lenses might you consider adding?

A

Minus for distance

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4
Q

What lenses would you prescribe in a case of divergence insufficiency?

A

the Most Plus Best Visual Acuity

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5
Q

As a general rule, how do you orient prism for patients with midline shifts?

A

Base opposite of the shift

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6
Q

Vision is made up of what?

A

Higher association areas

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7
Q

What prism orientation would you give to a patient with an anterior midline shift?

A

Base Down

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8
Q

Prism adaptation can modulate lateral shift of attention, and what else?

A

Prompt shifts from one level of processing to another

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9
Q

Over what percent of school age children have a vision problem that could affect the learning process?

A

25%

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10
Q

What are the possible diagnoses of someone with a normal AC/A ratio?

A

Vergence dysfunction Basic phoria (Eso or exo)

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11
Q

BI prisms do what to the muscle tone of the neck and upper back?

A

Reduce muscle tone

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12
Q

The “identification” circle from Skeffington is associated with which system?

A

Parvo - “what”

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13
Q

What is another name for monocular fixation in a binocular field?

A

Anti-suppression

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14
Q

What are the possible diagnoses of someone with a high AC/A ratio?

A

Convergence Excess

Divergence Excess (the excesses)

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15
Q

Which is the receptor organ?

A

Eye

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16
Q

What is Prentice position of a prism?

A

Prism is oriented so that light enters at an angle of 90 degrees to the first surface

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17
Q

BU prisms create an artificial what?

A

Decrease in the visual spatial volume

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18
Q

What are normal near BO ranges?

A

17/21/11

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19
Q

What is often the quickest, best option for AI?

A

Plus lenses

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20
Q

The dysfunctions of the visual system are the response to what?

A

Stress

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21
Q

Where does the deviation take place in a prism in Prentice position?

A

At the exit surface

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22
Q

In convergence excess, it is very important to fix which refractive error?

A

Hyperopia

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23
Q

In convergence excess, prescribing lenses to fix myopia may cause what?

A

The symptoms to worsen by increasing convergence, and increasing the eso

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24
Q

Prisms affect which 4 systems?

A

Visual

Kinesthetic

Vestibular

Proprioceptive

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25
What is the sequence of visual therapy?
Monocular Bi-ocular Monocular fixation in a binocular field Binocular
26
Which of the Skeffington circles comes first, centering or identification? Why?
Centering. It is the "where". You have to know where something is before you can find out what it is
27
What are the prerequisites to fusion?
Normal correspondence No peripheral suppression No significant amblyopia
28
BO prisms displace the visual where?
Outward
29
What are the two main information pathways?
Parvocellular Magnocellular
30
What are the main methods for VT?
Lenses Prisms Motor therapy
31
Which system is the ambient system?
Magno
32
What prism orientation would you give a patient with a right midline shift?
Base left
33
What are normal distance BO ranges?
9/19/10
34
If MEM shows ___ or near phoria is \_\_\_, what lenses should be given?
Plus
35
BI prisms to what to the visual space?
Create an apparent increase of the visual space
36
Why is it easier to read for pleasure than to study?
The parasympathetic system kicks in and actually creates an easier environment
37
When would you not consider minus lenses?
Low AC/A Low CA/C Esophoria Low BI at near Low amplitude of accommodation Fails (-) on accommodative facility testing Is over 9
38
BO prisms do what to the visual space?
Create an apparent decrease of apparent visual space
39
When using red/green filters for antisuppression, when will the red be visible?
When looking at a light source or an overlay
40
BD prisms create an artificial what?
Increase in visual spatial volume
41
BO prisms do what to muscle tone of the neck and upper back?
Increase muscle tone
42
What are the 8 conditions under which you would consider prescribing added plus?
High AC/A ratio Hyperopia Esophoria at near Low PRA Normal to high BO at near High MEM Low amplitude of accommodation Fails (-) on accommodative facility
43
Roughly what percentage of the retinal fibers run in the parvo system?
80%
44
How are plastic prisms calibrated?
To angle of minimum deviation
45
What does the sympathetic nervous system do in the eyes?
Relaxes accommodation Relaxes convergence (or stimulates divergence) Prepares the body for danger from a distance
46
What 4 things can lenses affect?
Perception Posture Orientation Localization
47
What are the four categories of response?
Catatoxic Syntoxic Run Frozen
48
BI prism displaces the visual where?
Outward
49
Where will the posture of a patient with a midline shift lean?
Toward the midline shift
50
What are the higher cortical functions of visual information processing?
Perception Cognition Visual-motor integration Visual-auditory integration Visual-verbal integration Visual integration with other attentional systems
51
How clear we can see is called \_\_\_.
Sight
52
Which lenses enhance figure?
Minus
53
What develops automaticity?
Repitition
54
Which lenses enhance ground?
Plus
55
What is the main function of the LGN?
To filter or suppress the information from the eye to the visual cortex
56
In convergence insufficiency, it is possible that correcting hyperopia will do what?
Exacerbate the symptoms by increasing the exo at near (plus lenses diverge)
57
When would you not consider added plus?
Low AC/A ratio Myopia Exo at near Low NRA Low BO at near Low MEM Normal amplitude of accommodation Fails (+) on accommodative facility
58
What are the possible diagnoses of someone with a low AC/A ratio?
Convergence Insufficiency Divergence Insufficiency (The vergence insufficiencies)
59
BD prism shift spatial volume where?
Up and out from the center of gravity
60
What are Skeffington's four circles?
Antigravity Centering Identification Speech and language
61
What are the apparent volume changes in a prism?
Expansion toward apex Contraction toward base
62
When would you consider adding minus?
High AC/A High CA/C Exo Normal to high BI at near Normal amplitude of accommodation Fails (+) on accommodative facility Is younger than 6
63
Which system is the focal system?
Parvo
64
What does the parasympathetic system to in the eyes?
Miosis Accommodation Convergence
65
How are glass prisms calibrated?
By Prentice's rule
66
Which route does the magno pathway follow?
Dorsal
67
BU prisms shift spatial volume where?
Down and in from the center of gravity
68
Which is a faster system, parvo or magno?
Magno
69
Which of the VT plans has 4 phases rather than 3?
Divergence excess
70
Which is a faster system and why; vergence or accommodation?
Vergence - it is striated muscle, which is faster than the smooth muscle that controls accommodation
71
What do BO prisms enhance?
Figure (force convergence)
72
The parvo system follows which route?
Ventral
73
For what two conditions would you give an add?
AI, CE (accommodation insufficiency, convergence excess)
74
When using red/green filters for antisuppression, when will the red not be visible?
When using red printed material
75
Which of the responses if the flight response?
Syntoxic
76
What are normal near BI ranges?
13/21/13
77
What do BI prisms enhance?
Ground (they force you to diverge, taking focus off of what if directly in front of you)
78
In convergence insufficiency, which refractive error should you be most inclined to correct?
Myopia - minus lenses might help stimulate convergence
79
Which of the responses is the fight response?
Catatoxic
80
What parts of they eye feed into the parvo system?
Mainly the central retina and foveal receptors
81
What does the parvo system respond to?
Details
82
What are normal distance BI ranges?
x/7/4

Neuro-Optometric Rehab (12 decks)

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